{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:45:29Z","timestamp":1792071929031,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 EB029315"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 EB029315"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Respiratory motion is known to cause blurring in Single\u2010Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) images which can mask or mimic disease. Pediatric imaging with\n                      <jats:sup>99m<\/jats:sup>\n                      Tc\u2010labeled dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) is used to assess cortical defects in kidneys and may be especially susceptible to artifacts introduced by respiratory motion due to the thin kidney cortices and small kidney volumes seen in many pediatric\u00a0patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The purpose of this study was to assess a data\u2010driven method to estimate respiratory motion signals in pediatric\n                      <jats:sup>99m<\/jats:sup>\n                      Tc\u2010DMSA renal SPECT and to evaluate the impact of respiratory motion correction on image\u00a0quality.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Listmode\n                      <jats:sup>99m<\/jats:sup>\n                      Tc\u2010DMSA SPECT data were acquired for 77 pediatric patients aged from 6 weeks to 20 years. The data were binned into 100 ms temporal frames and forward\u2010projected kidney masks were used in determining the axial center\u2010of\u2010mass (aCOM) of counts in each temporal frame as a surrogate renal respiratory motion signal for each patient. Amplitudes of respiratory motion in the lateral, anterior\u2013posterior and axial (superior\u2010inferior) axes were determined using a rigid\u2010body six\u2010degree\u2010of\u2010freedom intensity\u2010based registration method and evaluated as a function of patient weight. Welch\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010tests were performed to compare the respiratory motion amplitudes of male and female patients. Subsequently, a rigid\u2010body 6\u2010degree\u2010of\u2010freedom respiratory motion correction was applied during reconstruction and the images were quantitatively assessed for improvement in contrast and\u00a0sharpness.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Renal respiratory motion surrogate signals were estimated for 69 patients, after eight were removed due to gross body motion. Axial, lateral and anterior\u2013posterior translational renal respiratory motion amplitudes were all found to positively correlate with patient weight, with lateral motion showing the strongest correlation. Respiratory motion was largest in the axial direction where it ranged from (2.19\u00a0\u00a00.48)\u00a0mm for the patients under 7 kg to (6.96\u00a0\u00a03.07)\u00a0mm for patients over 60\u00a0kg. No significant differences were found in axial or anterior\u2013posterior renal respiratory motion between male and female patients, but lateral motion was slightly lower for females. Quantitative assessment of reconstructed images showed that respiratory motion correction improved contrast and sharpness as a function of estimated amplitude of axial respiratory motion, suggesting a threshold where motion correction becomes\u00a0beneficial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A data\u2010driven respiratory motion estimation method found significant positive correlation in renal motion amplitudes and weight for pediatric DMSA SPECT studies. The derived respiratory signals were used to perform rigid\u2010body respiratory motion correction during reconstruction. The renal respiratory motion correction reduced cortical blurring and improved contrast in some patients, generally those with the largest estimated motion, highlighting potential for this method to improve diagnostic\u00a0accuracy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.70635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T05:19:27Z","timestamp":1787116767000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Estimation and correction of respiratory motion in pediatric renal SPECT through a data\u2010driven center\u2010of\u2010mass method"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Sophia","family":"Pells","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology \u2010 Nuclear Medicine University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School Worcester Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. Hendrik","family":"Pretorius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology \u2010 Nuclear Medicine University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School Worcester Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Pijanowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology \u2010 Nuclear Medicine University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School Worcester Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederic","family":"Fahey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Boston Children's Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. Ted","family":"Treves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neha","family":"Kwatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Boston Children's Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinhua","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Boston Children's Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology \u2010 Nuclear Medicine University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School Worcester Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Physics Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Van Hoesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katelyn","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Boston Children's Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongyi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina Ferrer","family":"Valencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Boston Children's Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology \u2010 Nuclear Medicine University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School Worcester Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40336-022-00484-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ac093b"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2005.12.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(96)01859-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2012.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.12488"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6064\/2012\/949164"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNS.2007.912874"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3117592"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/53\/20\/019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.106.037390"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNS.2002.803678"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12350-014-9963-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2016.2576899"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNS.2002.1039548"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12350-017-0890-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.15391"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3480985"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.70279"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnmt.125.270161"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-024-06155-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.110.084202"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnmt.123.267185"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.1982.4307558"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/42.97591"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","first-page":"157","article-title":"Scatter and attenuation correction in technetium\u201099m brain SPECT","volume":"38","author":"Hashimoto J","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/23.597016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/43\/2\/014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/42.870256"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3517836"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/34.1-2.28"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592\u2010019\u20100686\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/comjnl\/7.2.155"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00975349"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002864"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","first-page":"69","article-title":"A guide to appropriate use of correlation coefficient in medical research","volume":"24","author":"Mukaka MM","year":"2012","journal-title":"Malawi Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNS.2009.2031642"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2011.03.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-717X-8-248"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","unstructured":"PretoriusPH PijanowskiJ SegarsW et\u00a0al.Separate respiratory motion estimation and compensation of the right and left kidney in pediatric DMSA SPECT imaging: anthropomorphic phantom simulations and clinical studies. In:Society of Nuclear Medicine.2024:242261."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2017.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2015.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3589131"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FuW LiuJ YangY et\u00a0al.Deep learning denoising for reduced\u2010dose pediatric Tc\u2010DMSA renal SPECT images. In:2022 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS\/MIC).IEEE.2022:1\u20103.","DOI":"10.1109\/NSS\/MIC44845.2022.10398948"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FuW YangY PretoriusPH et\u00a0al.Preliminary study on detectability of small cortical lesions with deep learning denoising for reduced\u2010dose pediatric Tc\u2010DMSA renal SPECT images.The Journal of Nuclear Medicine: Meeting Report. Society of Nuclear Medicine.2023.","DOI":"10.1109\/NSS\/MIC44845.2022.10398948"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.16653"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-024-06872-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-40133-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"YangX GhafourianP SharmaP SalmanK MartinD FeiB.Nonrigid registration and classification of the kidneys in 3D dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MR images. In:Medical Imaging 2012: Image Processing.8314.SPIE.2012:105\u2010112.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.912190"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","unstructured":"McCarthyW PretoriusPH PijanowskiJ et\u00a0al.Development of a Framework for LROC Observer Studies in Pediatric Tc\u201099m DMSA Renal SPECT. In:J Nucl Med. Society of Nuclear Medicine.2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PretoriusP CaoX PijanowskiJ et\u00a0al.Respiratory motion estimation and compensation using fineley sampled patient projection data in pediatric Tc\u201099m labeled dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) SPECT imaging. In:2023 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Medical Imaging Conference and International Symposium on Room\u2010Temperature Semiconductor Detectors (NSS MIC RTSD).IEEE.2023.","DOI":"10.1109\/NSSMICRTSD49126.2023.10338731"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","unstructured":"PellsS Pretorius hP PijanowskiJ et\u00a0al.Correction of respiratory motion in pediatric 99mTc\u2010DMSA SPECT using a data\u2010driven center\u2010of\u2010mass method. In:J Nucl Med.66. Society of Nuclear Medicine.2025:251356."}],"container-title":["Medical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mp.70635","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mp.70635","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mp.70635","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T12:55:37Z","timestamp":1792068937000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mp.70635"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mp.70635"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mp.70635","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0094-2405","2473-4209"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0094-2405","type":"print"},{"value":"2473-4209","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70635"}}