{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:45:30Z","timestamp":1792071930111,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Coincidence timing resolution (CTR) is a key performance factor in PET systems. Cherenkov radiation, due to its ultrafast emission on the femtosecond scale, offers potential for achieving improved timing resolution compared to traditional scintillation\u2010based detectors. However, the inherently low photon yield in pure Cherenkov radiators makes depth\u2010of\u2010interaction (DOI) estimation and its associated timing uncertainty a significant challenge, especially when trying to achieve sub\u201030\u00a0ps CTR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to reduce DOI\u2010induced timing uncertainty in Cherenkov\u2010based PET detectors by proposing a novel wedge\u2010shaped light guide design. The goal is to improve the CTR performance by compensating for optical path differences resulting from varying interaction depths.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A Monte Carlo simulation framework was developed to model gamma\u2010ray interactions within a Cherenkov radiator, incorporating electron scattering and Cherenkov photon generation. Two detector geometries were compared: one with a conventional planar light guide and another with the proposed wedge\u2010shaped light guide. The wedge design was tailored to delay early\u2010arriving photons and synchronize photon transit times, thereby reducing time spread. The simulation tracked photon paths through the wedge and evaluated performance using metrics such as spatial resolution, timing spread, and sensitivity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Simulations demonstrated that the wedge\u2010shaped light guide significantly reduced DOI\u2010induced timing uncertainty\u2014by 26.3% in a 3\u00a0mm\u2010thick Cherenkov radiator\u2014compared to the conventional configuration. The wedge geometry also enabled improved spatial resolution in multi\u2010layer detector configurations. However, a trade\u2010off with reduced sensitivity was observed. To address this, strategies such as utilizing discarded photons via refractive index manipulation and cascade detector structures were proposed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The wedge\u2010shaped light guide effectively compensates for DOI\u2010related path length differences and enhances CTR in Cherenkov\u2010based PET detectors. This approach opens avenues for more accurate event localization without increasing photon yield, and could serve as a building block for advanced PET systems requiring ultrafast timing performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.70655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T07:46:42Z","timestamp":1788335202000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Simulation study of wedge\u2010shaped light guide for compensating depth\u2010of\u2010interaction induced timing uncertainty in Cherenkov radiator"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Hyungu","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeong Seok","family":"Shim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering College of Engineering Seoul National University  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science Seoul National University  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minseok","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering College of Engineering Seoul National University  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science Seoul National University  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juhwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoonchan","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Sung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering College of Engineering Seoul National University  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science Seoul National University  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of 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