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While current commercial breast CT systems use prone\u2010patient, pendant\u2010breast geometry, the system described here uses upright patient geometry with the uncompressed breast supported by a cup.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this work is to describe the development of a newly designed, upright geometry, dedicated cone\u2010beam breast CT system and to evaluate its imaging performance using objective metrics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prototype system uses a tungsten\u2010target, mammography\u2010format, X\u2010ray tube operating at 60\u00a0kV with 0.25\u00a0mm Cu and 1\u00a0mm Al added filtration, and a complementary metal\u2010oxide semiconductor (CMOS) detector with 0.152\u00a0mm pixel pitch coupled to 500 microns thick CsI:Tl scintillator. During short scan acquisition, the X\u2010ray source moves inferior to the breast, and 210 projections are acquired over an angular range of 210 degrees. The projections are reconstructed to an isotropic voxel pitch of 0.22\u00a0mm using Feldkamp\u2010Davis\u2010Kress (FDK) algorithm with Parker weights. Quantitative performance measures including linearity, modulation transfer function (MTF), and noise power spectrum (NPS) were evaluated. Phantom studies were conducted at various X\u2010ray tube current (mA) and pulse\u2010width (ms) combinations with the objective of determining the minimum detectable size of low\u2010contrast targets and calcium carbonate spheres representing soft tissue lesions and microcalcification clusters, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The measured 1st HVL was 4.23\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.01\u00a0mm of Al. The limiting resolution (10% MTF) was 2.18\u00a0mm\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      in the coronal (cross\u2010sectional) plane near the axis of rotation. In the coronal plane, the peak of the NPS occurred at 0.5\u00a0mm\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      . Phantom studies at a mean glandular dose of 3\u20135.7 mGy showed the ability to visualize 2\u20133\u00a0mm low\u2010contrast targets and 0.27\u20130.29\u00a0mm calcium carbonate spheres.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The developed upright breast CT system showed the ability to achieve high spatial resolution and low contrast resolution. The excellent technical performance of the breast CT system reported here suggests that further investigations using patient imaging are warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.70664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T07:45:11Z","timestamp":1788335111000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development and performance evaluation of an upright dedicated cone\u2010beam breast CT system"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9864-6867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas C.","family":"Larsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Arizona  Tucson Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2892-1288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsin Wu","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology &amp; Imaging Sciences University of Arizona  Tucson Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9989-7108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GE Aerospace Research  Niskayuna New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3108-8825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen","family":"Araujo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GE HealthCare Technology &amp; Innovation Center  Niskayuna New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2412-3043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pengwei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GE HealthCare Technology &amp; Innovation Center  Niskayuna New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9454-573X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eri","family":"Haneda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GE HealthCare Technology &amp; Innovation Center  Niskayuna New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6010-2816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cynthia","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GE HealthCare Technology &amp; Innovation Center  Niskayuna New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5877-3677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Karellas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology &amp; Imaging Sciences University of Arizona  Tucson Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4123-8392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Srinivasan","family":"Vedantham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Arizona  Tucson Arizona USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology &amp; Imaging Sciences University of Arizona  Tucson Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2342030897"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.598895"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2015141303"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050518"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.32859"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020191751"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470\u20102045(22)00194\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.1708"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4764908"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2018.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbj.12327"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sult.2017.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330\u2010021\u201008179\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2463070410"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.10092311"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","unstructured":"ColeEB CampbellAS VedanthamS PisanoED KarellasA Clinical performance of dedicated breast computed tomography in comparison to diagnostic digital mammography [abstract # 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