{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T19:05:25Z","timestamp":1760295925659},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,10,19]],"date-time":"2001-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1003449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med. Pediatr. Oncol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human hepatoblastoma is an infrequent liver tumor in children. Although many hepatoblastomas can be treated adequately with well\u2010defined treatment regimens, problems still persist with advanced and non\u2010resectable tumors; in these cases, an effective chemotherapy is necessary to improve the patients' prognosis. This underlines the need for alternative anti\u2010tumor agents in the treatment of human hepatoblastoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of topotecan, a water\u2010soluble camptothecin analog (topoisomerase\u2010I\u2010antagonist), in an in vivo model of three human hepatoblastomas xenografted subcutaneously into nude mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedure<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hepatoblastoma cell suspensions from three children were transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice NMRI (nu\/nu). Treatment with topotecan was initiated when the tumors reached a volume between 50 and 80 mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>. A dose of 6.6 mg\/kg of topotecan were given intraperitoneally every 4 days on four occasions. The tumor volume development and \u03b1\u2010fetoprotein alterations were measured and statistically analyzed. After the treatment, the tumors were investigated histologically and by immunhistochemistry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was a significant reduction of tumor growth in all treated tumor xenografts vs. untreated control groups (mean relative volume 3.1 vs. 47.4; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090,0015\u20130,0079). Serum \u03b1\u2010fetoprotein levels were reduced in all three cell lines, in two of them significantly (mean 44,535 kU\/l vs. 228,883 kU\/l; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005\u20130.246). Histologically, the tumor necrosis rates were higher and immunhistochemistry showed lower proliferation activities in the treated tumor xenografts vs. the control groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The data show that topotecan is an effective agent in the treatment of human hepatoblastoma xenografts. From these results, treatment with topotecan appears to be a promising alternative in the pre\u2010 and postoperative therapy of patients suffering from human hepatoblastoma. Med Pediatr Oncol 2001;37:449\u2013454. \u00a9 2001 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mpo.1228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,11]],"date-time":"2002-09-11T00:35:40Z","timestamp":1031704540000},"page":"449-454","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Successful therapy of subcutaneously growing human hepatoblastoma xenografts with topotecan*"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Steven W.","family":"Warmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ludwig","family":"Wilkens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klaus 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