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Regimen I\u2014Cefoxitin Amikacin\u2010Carbenicillin; and Regimen II Ceftriaxone\u2010Amikacin. 67.0% of the patients had leukemias or lymphomas, documented infections occurred in 47.2%, superinfections occurred in 18.7% (Reg. 1) and 17.8% (Reg. II) of the episodes. The most common agents identified in Reg. 1 and Reg. II were, respectively, Gram negative rods (55.0%) and Gram positive cocci (52.6%). The overall rate of success with modifications (Amphotericin B, Vancomycin, Clindamycin, Metronidazole) was higher in Reg. II (93.0%) than in Reg. I (84.0%). This study shows that the appropriate formula to maximize the successful treatment of children with cancer, fever and neutropenia in developing nations includes adherence to established principles of supportive care, utilizing the optimal antibiotic agents available in the country. It is important to promote the necessary modifications along the treatment having in mind the high index of resistent agents. \u00a9 1993 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mpo.2950210509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,20]],"date-time":"2007-02-20T18:59:39Z","timestamp":1171997979000},"page":"356-361","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Fever and granulocytopenia in children with cancer: A study of 299 episodes with two treatment protocols in Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Antonio Sergio","family":"Petrilli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alois","family":"Bianchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eliza","family":"Kusano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renato","family":"Melaragno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Naspitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"da Silva Mendon\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip A.","family":"Pizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197402)33:2<568::AID-CNCR2820330236>3.0.CO;2-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"283","article-title":"Fatal infections in childhood leukemia","volume":"122","author":"Hughes WT","year":"1971","journal-title":"Am J Dis Childhood"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"141","article-title":"Hematologic malignancies and other marrow failure states: Progress in the management of complicating infections","volume":"11","author":"Levine AS","year":"1974","journal-title":"Semin Hematol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(81)80694-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-198205000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19841201)54:2 <2649::AID-CNCR2820541409>3.0.CO;2-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197105132841904"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511569692"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"719","article-title":"Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease","volume":"22","author":"Mantel N","year":"1959","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198608283150905"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(85)90103-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19800115)45:2<407::AID-CNCR2820450237>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/137.1.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(82)90935-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(84)90100-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(81)90324-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpo.2950050133"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197804)41:4<1610::AID-CNCR2820410452>3.0.CO;2-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","first-page":"29","article-title":"Etiology of infections in neutropenic patients with acute leukemia. 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