{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:51:28Z","timestamp":1786978288698,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,27]],"date-time":"2012-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Methods Psych Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>An accurate assessment of substance use is necessary to make a correct psychiatric diagnosis and to provide appropriate treatment. This study uses meta\u2010analysis to establish the strength of the association between self\u2010reported substance use and the results of laboratory substance assay including the testing for specific substances and screening for any substance use in psychiatric hospitals and in community mental health settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>A systematic search for published studies was supplemented by additional data required for meta\u2010analysis provided by several researchers in this field. Using random\u2010effects meta\u2010analysis, we calculated the pooled estimate of the odds ratio of a positive substance assay in patients reporting use or non\u2010use of substances and estimated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Twenty\u2010six studies met the inclusion criteria. Very strong associations were found between self\u2010reported use and positive tests for cannabis [\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200911 studies, odds ratio (OR)\u2009=\u200922.3; 95% confidence interval (CI)\u2009=\u200910.1\u201349.1], amphetamines (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20098, OR\u2009=\u200926.6; 95% CI\u2009=\u20097.9\u201388.9), cocaine (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20098, OR\u2009=\u200939.7; 95% CI\u2009=\u200916.2\u201397.2) and opiates (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20097, OR\u2009=\u200983.5; 95% CI\u2009=\u200926.7\u2013260.7). Strong associations were found between self\u2010reported use of any substance and positive substance screening (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200915, OR\u2009=\u20097.2, 95% CI\u2009=\u20093.6\u201314.1) and tests for alcohol use (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20095, OR\u2009=\u20098.5; 95% CI\u2009=\u20092.5\u201328.4). Screening for any substance use had a sensitivity of 61% and a specificity of 66%. Testing for individual substances was specific but lacked sensitivity.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Screening has the potential to detect clinically relevant substances that would not be reported by the patient, whereas testing for a specific substance has little advantage over self\u2010report. The sensitivity of the substance assay might be improved by obtaining a sample at the earliest opportunity. Consideration should be given to the increased use of substance screening in general adult mental health settings because it could improve the accuracy of psychiatric diagnosis and increase the likelihood of patients receiving treatment for substance use disorders. Copyright \u00a9 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,27]],"date-time":"2012-02-27T02:19:56Z","timestamp":1330309196000},"page":"134-148","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Meta\u2010analysis of self\u2010reported substance use compared with laboratory substance assay in general adult mental health settings"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Matthew M.","family":"Large","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychiatry University of New South Wales  Randwick NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glen","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Northside Clinic  Greenwich NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grant","family":"Sara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"InforMH, Mental Health and Drug and Alcohol Office NSW Health  North Ryde NSW Australia"},{"name":"Northern Clinical School Sydney University  Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael B.","family":"Paton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Area Mental Health Drug and Alcohol Service, Northern Sydney Central Coast Area Health Service Macquarie Hospital  North Ryde Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina Karolina","family":"Kedzior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Humanities and Social Sciences Jacobs University Bremen  Bremen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olav B.","family":"Nielssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety and Depression, School of Psychiatry University of New South Wales at St Vincent's Hospital  Darlinghurst NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.7.1077"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890423349"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)92620-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199503000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2008.122341"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7418.783"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.024448"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"107","article-title":"Sensitiveness and specificity of psychotropic drugs analysis for the diagnosis of mental disorders","volume":"11","author":"Bertol\u00edn\u2010Guill\u00e9n J.M.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Adicciones"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2005.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.146.10.1349b"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00952999109001598"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15504260903176039"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.48.3.353"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15504260802084425"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1974.01760070005001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u2010227X\u20108\u201017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2007.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(94)90010-8"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"782","article-title":"Substance abuse among patients presenting at an inner\u2010city psychiatric emergency room","volume":"44","author":"Elangovan N.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hospital & Community Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"Amphetamine psychosis. 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