{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T10:02:23Z","timestamp":1753869743817,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,14]],"date-time":"2018-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010854","name":"Jiangsu Provincial Commission of Health and Family Planning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z201522"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z201522"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010854","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Methods Psych Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Many research indicate that the tardive dyskinesia (TD) is generally linked with long\u2010term antipsychotic therapy for schizophrenia. Glial cell line\u2010derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a critical role in the protection of catecholaminergic, dopaminergic, and cholinergic neurons. Thus, we examined the serum GDNF levels in schizophrenia patients with TD (WTD) and without TD (NTD) and compared with healthy controls (HC), respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Totally 75 males with schizophrenia were recruited into this study. All were measured by the <jats:italic>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders<\/jats:italic>, fifth edition, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, and the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS). The patient group was divided into two subgroups: WTD (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a032) and NTD (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a043) according to the AIMS score. Fifty\u2010three healthy controls matching in age and gender were also enlisted from the region. GDNF levels were examined with sandwich enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Analysis of variance indicated significant differences between the three groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.012); GDNF levels in the WTD group were significantly different from those in the NTD (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.030) and HC (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.003) groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Decreased GDNF levels in TD patients indicated that alterations in neurotrophic factors may be involved in the pathophysiology of TD, but the exact mechanisms need further investigation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1727","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,14]],"date-time":"2018-06-14T11:20:55Z","timestamp":1528975255000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Altered serum levels of glial cell line\u2010derived neurotrophic factor in male chronic schizophrenia patients with tardive dyskinesia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Fei","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Affiliated WuTaiShan Hospital of Yangzhou University  Yangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiongqiong","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Affiliated WuTaiShan Hospital of Yangzhou University  Yangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenhuan","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Affiliated WuTaiShan Hospital of Yangzhou University  Yangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Sha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Affiliated WuTaiShan Hospital of Yangzhou University  Yangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0577-5951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaobin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Affiliated WuTaiShan Hospital of Yangzhou University  Yangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"428","article-title":"Antipsychotic drug effects in schizophrenia: A review of longitudinal fMRI investigations and neural interpretations","volume":"20","author":"Abbott C. 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