{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:20:58Z","timestamp":1792099258889,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]],"date-time":"2019-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004484","name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["28099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["28099"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004484","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Methods Psych Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is the first study to compare the safety and efficacy of opium tincture (OT) with methadone for treatment of opioid use disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this multicenter, double\u2010blind, noninferiority controlled trial, a stratified sample of 204 participants with opioid use disorder were recruited from community outreach, drop\u2010in centers, and triangular clinics. Participants were excluded in case of active participation in another treatment program for opioid use disorder, hypersensitivity to trial medications, pregnancy, and certain serious medical conditions. They were randomized to receive either OT or methadone with an allocation ratio of 1:1 using a patient\u2010centered flexible dosing strategy. Eligible participants were followed for a period of 12\u00a0weeks. Primary outcome is the difference in percentage of patients retained in the treatment. Secondary outcomes are craving, withdrawal symptoms, physical health, mental health, quality of life, and severity of substance use problems, cognitive function, safety profile, cost\u2010effectiveness, and participants' satisfaction. Both intention\u2010to\u2010treat and per\u2010protocol analyses will be conducted. The Ethics Board of the University of British Columbia and Tehran University of Medical Sciences approved the study. (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>; NCT02502175).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>To be reported after final analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>If shown to be effective, OT will diversify the options for medication\u2010assisted treatment of opioid use disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]],"date-time":"2019-02-04T08:08:38Z","timestamp":1549267718000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Comparing opium tincture and methadone for medication\u2010assisted treatment of patients with opioid use disorder: Protocol for a multicenter parallel group noninferiority double\u2010blind randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Mohammadali","family":"Nikoo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Addiction and Concurrent Disorders Group, Institute of Mental Health, Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Department of Psychiatry University of British Columbia  Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0846-1402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ehsan","family":"Moazen\u2010Zadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addiction and Concurrent Disorders Group, Institute of Mental Health, Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Department of Psychiatry University of British Columbia  Vancouver Canada"},{"name":"Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Department of Psychiatry Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nooshin","family":"Nikoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addiction and Concurrent Disorders Group, Institute of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry University of British Columbia  Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2936-4014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanam","family":"Javidanbardan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addiction and Concurrent Disorders Group, Institute of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry University of British Columbia  Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Kazemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addiction and Concurrent Disorders Group, Institute of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry University of British Columbia  Vancouver Canada"},{"name":"Health Information Management and Technology Group Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addiction and Concurrent Disorders Group, Institute of Mental Health, Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Department of Psychiatry University of British Columbia  Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Vogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Division of Addictive Disorders University of Basel  Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Gholami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kian Methadone Maintenance Treatment Clinic, Private Practice and Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Mazandaran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Tavakoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rooz\u2010e\u2010No Methadone Maintenance Treatment Clinic, Private Practice and Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Fars Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Givaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychosomatic Research Center Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majid","family":"Jazani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sales, Marketing, Export, and Medical Department Darou Pakhsh Pharmaceutical Mfg.Co.  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