{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T11:30:55Z","timestamp":1791718255203,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]],"date-time":"2020-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Methods Psych Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Autism is difficult to identify in adults due to lack of validated self\u2010report questionnaires. We compared the effectiveness of the autism\u2010spectrum quotient (AQ) and the Ritvo autism\u2013Asperger's diagnostic scale\u2010revised (RAADS\u2010R) questionnaires in adult mental health services in two English counties.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A subsample of adults who completed the AQ and RAADS\u2010R were invited to take part in an autism diagnostic observation schedule (ADOS Module 4) assessment with probability of selection weighted by scores on the questionnaires.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were 364 men and 374 women who consented to take part. Recorded diagnoses were most commonly mood disorders (44%) and mental and behavioural disorders due to alcohol\/substance misuse (19%), and 4.8% (95% CI [2.9, 7.5]) were identified with autism (ADOS Module 4 10+). One had a pre\u2010existing diagnosis of autism; five (26%) had borderline personality disorders (all female) and three (17%) had mood disorders. The AQ and RAADS\u2010R had fair test accuracy (area under receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curve 0.77 and 0.79, respectively). AQ sensitivity was 0.79 (95% CI [0.54, 0.94]) and specificity was 0.77 (95% CI [0.65, 0.86]); RAADS\u2010R sensitivity was 0.75 (95% CI [0.48, 0.93]) and specificity was 0.71 (95% CI [0.60, 0.81]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The AQ and RAADS\u2010R can guide decisions to refer adults in mental health services to autism diagnostic services.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1814","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]],"date-time":"2020-01-03T15:12:06Z","timestamp":1578064326000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Testing adults by questionnaire for social and communication disorders, including autism spectrum disorders, in an adult mental health service population"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9786-9591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Traolach","family":"Brugha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences University of Leicester  Leicester UK"},{"name":"Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust  Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Freya","family":"Tyrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences University of Leicester  Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Leaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences University of Leicester  Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northamptonshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust  Northampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Seaton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences University of Leicester  Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoe","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences University of Leicester  Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Tromans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences University of Leicester  Leicester UK"},{"name":"Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust  Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kobus","family":"van Rensburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northamptonshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust  Northampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291716001082"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005653411471"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"113","volume-title":"Measurement for evaluation in physical education and exercise science","author":"Baumgartner T. 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O.(2015).Statutory guidance for local authorities and NHS organisations to support implementation of the adult autism strategy. InLondon:Department of Health."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361309104246"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01859.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-2-82"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.11.1061"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005592401947"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","volume-title":"ADOS Manual","author":"Lord C.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","volume-title":"Supporting people with autism through adulthood","author":"National Audit Office","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","volume-title":"Autism: Recognition, referral and diagnosis of children and young people on the autism spectrum (Clinical Guideline 142)","author":"National Collaborating Centre For Women's And Children's Health","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","first-page":"59","volume-title":"Autism in adults evidence update","author":"National Institute For Health And Care Excellence","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.28.021406.144007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2001.00175.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-015-2586-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Eating disorders in autism spectrum disorders with focus on adolescent and adult years","volume":"5","author":"Rastam M.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-010-1133-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"Borderline personality disorder and autism spectrum disorder in females \u2010 A cross\u2010sectional study","volume":"5","author":"Ryd\u00e9n G.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","first-page":"251","volume-title":"Handbook of research methods in personality psychology","author":"Simms L. 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