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Full siblings of individuals with low SBP, low physical fitness, and obesity were more likely to receive an ADHD diagnosis compared to full siblings without those risk factors (OR ranging from 1.17 to 1.31). Additionally, analyses showed robust associations between ADHD and low SBP, low physical fitness, and obesity, even in ADHD medication\u2010na\u00efve individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individuals with several cardiovascular risk factors are more often diagnosed with ADHD, regardless of psychiatric comorbidity. These association are not explained by ADHD pharmacotherapy, rather, they are in part due to shared familial risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T07:10:04Z","timestamp":1656486604000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Cardiovascular risk factors in attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: A family design study of Swedish conscripts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4811-2330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Garcia\u2010Argibay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Science \u00d6rebro University  \u00d6rebro Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3427-0792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ebba","family":"Du Rietz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8094-8859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catharina A.","family":"Hartman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3037-5287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Lichtenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristiano","family":"Fava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Verona  Verona Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Science University of Lund  Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuele","family":"Cortese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Southampton  Southampton UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Clinical and Experimental Science (CNS and Psychiatry) University of Southampton  Southampton Hampshire UK"},{"name":"Solent NHS Trust  Southampton UK"},{"name":"Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone New York University Child Study Center  New York City New York USA"},{"name":"School of Medicine Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Larsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Science \u00d6rebro University  \u00d6rebro Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Handbook of clinical neurology","author":"Buijs R. 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