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The COVID\u201019 pandemic makes this gap particularly pertinent, given the need to understand whether distinct government approaches (e.g., school closures) are uniquely associated with variability in children's psychosocial outcomes and the reliance on parents' ratings for young children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Within a Confirmatory Factor Analysis framework, we tested the cross\u2010cultural measurement invariance of the SDQ across six countries: Australia, China, Italy, Sweden, the United Kingdom and USA, using a sample of 1761 parents of 3\u2010 to 8\u2010year\u2010olds (\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a05.76,\n                      <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01.09).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A five\u2010factors model showed good fit to the data and partial cross\u2010cultural scalar invariance. In this sample, Swedish parents reported the fewest peer problems (Cohen's\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.950) and the highest prosocial scores (Cohen's\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.547), whilst British parents reported the greatest child emotional (Cohen's\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.412) and hyperactivity problems (Cohen's\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.535).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present results indicate that the parent\u2010version of the SDQ is appropriate for use and comparison across different contexts during the pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1933","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T12:29:35Z","timestamp":1661171375000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Cross\u2010cultural equivalence of parental ratings of child difficulties during the pandemic: Findings from a six\u2010site study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8900-9885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Foley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Moray House School of Education and Sport University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7723-9376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Ronchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences University of Pavia  Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2745-3574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serena","family":"Lecce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences University of Pavia  Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4046-5374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Science Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9108-2504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meingold H. M.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Science Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2545-3025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Family Research University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20107610.2007.01867.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2012.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.21\u20108\u2010265"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2F0020764020922269"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdep.12387"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild\u20102020\u2010320372"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","volume-title":"Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research","author":"Brown T. 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