{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T22:57:32Z","timestamp":1792018652521,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,19]],"date-time":"2008-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1203379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Methods Psych Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aimed to establish the psychometric properties of parent ratings on the Chinese version of the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham IV scale (SNAP\u2010IV) in a school\u2010based sample of 3534 students in grades 1 to 8 from two cities and two suburbs in Taiwan and 189 children diagnosed with attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (aged 6 to 15) consecutively recruited from a medical center in Taipei. Parents completed the Chinese versions of the SNAP\u2010IV, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and Child Behavior Checklist. The Chinese SNAP\u2010IV demonstrated similar three factor structure (Inattention, Hyperactivity\/Impulsivity, and Oppositional) as its English version, and satisfactory test\u2013retest reliability (intraclass correlation = 0.59\u223c0.72), internal consistency (alpha = 0.88\u223c0.90), concurrent validity (Pearson correlations = 0.56\u223c0.72), and discriminant validity. Boys scored higher than girls across the eight school grade levels. The SNAP\u2010IV clearly distinguished children with ADHD from school\u2010based participants. Comorbidity with oppositional defiant disorder\/conduct disorder predicted higher SNAP\u2010IV scores among children with ADHD. Our findings suggest that the Chinese SNAP\u2010IV is a reliable and valid instrument for rating ADHD\u2010related symptoms in both clinical and community settings in Taiwan. Copyright \u00a9 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,19]],"date-time":"2008-02-19T10:46:23Z","timestamp":1203417983000},"page":"35-44","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":346,"title":["Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, version IV scale \u2013 parent form"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Susan Shur\u2010Fen","family":"Gau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi\u2010Yung","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shih\u2010Kai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chien\u2010Ho","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Swanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Chih","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang\u2010Ling","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000155320.52322.37"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist\/4\u201018 and 1991 Profile","author":"Achenbach TM","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/147608302169634"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.5.816"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.2307\/1131308","article-title":"Beyond parental control and authoritarian parenting style: understanding Chinese parenting through the cultural notion of training","volume":"65","author":"Chao RK","year":"1994","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00913594"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CHI.0000070245.24125.B6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022602400621"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000166986.30592.67"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.4.569","article-title":"Problems reported by parents of children in multiple cultures: the Child Behavior Checklist syndrome constructs","volume":"156","author":"Crijnen AA","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005236113655"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"104","article-title":"The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: is it an American condition?","volume":"2","author":"Faraone SV","year":"2003","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.7.1344"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054705284241"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00440"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00494"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200112000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005135232068"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199912000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025791814893"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327752JPA8003_04"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780132310"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","first-page":"210","article-title":"Teacher ratings of DSM\u2010III\u2010R symptoms for the disruptive behavior disorders [erratum appears in J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1992; 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