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Leveraging the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) framework, it explores whether symptom spectra in adolescence predict corresponding symptoms in young adulthood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data were drawn from JEPSY, a follow\u2010up of the national KiGGS cohort (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a02172, age 18\u201326). Adolescent internalizing and externalizing symptoms were assessed via the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and substance use items. Adult outcomes included the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ\u20104), DSM\u20105 Cross\u2010Cutting Symptom Measure (DSM\u20105 CC), and Personality Inventory for DSM\u20105 (PID\u20105). Factor analyses assessed structural consistency, and robust regression examined associations between adolescent and adult symptom spectra over 7\u201310\u00a0years.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A four\u2010factor model best captured the SDQ structure. In young adulthood, three spectra emerged: internalizing symptoms, externalizing traits, and substance use. Adolescent emotional and peer problems predicted internalizing symptoms in adulthood. Conduct problems and hyperactivity predicted externalizing traits. Substance use was associated with hyperactivity, smoking, and risky drinking\u2014but negatively with peer problems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings support the continuity of broad psychopathological spectra and demonstrate that harmonized approaches can bridge measurement gaps and enhance longitudinal comparability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.70055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T10:31:19Z","timestamp":1768991479000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development and Comparability of Internalizing and Externalizing Symptom Spectra From Adolescence to Young Adulthood"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8879-085X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vera","family":"Birgel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring Robert Koch Institute  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Mental Health (DZPG)  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Rapp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Mental Health (DZPG)  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Department of Social and Preventive Medicine University of Potsdam  Potsdam Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mira","family":"Tschorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Mental Health (DZPG)  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Department of Social and Preventive Medicine University of Potsdam  Potsdam Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heike","family":"H\u00f6lling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring Robert Koch Institute  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Cohrdes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring Robert Koch Institute  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Mental Health (DZPG)  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u20108624.2005.00875.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127\u2010023\u201002467\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jad.12449"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802\u2010023\u201001146\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3577"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcv2.12186"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21677026221147872"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830110071009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12372"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2003.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000132808.36708.a9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","unstructured":"European Health Expectancy Monitoring Unit.2010.Minimum European Health Module. 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