{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T04:48:25Z","timestamp":1782276505923,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Methods Psych Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Schizophrenia is associated with structural brain abnormalities, although findings have been inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate global and regional volumetric measures in patients with schizophrenia using an automated volumetric analysis tool.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eighty\u2010one patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (aged 18\u201365\u00a0years) underwent brain MRI on a 3T Siemens scanner using a high\u2010resolution 3D T1\u2010weighted MPRAGE sequence. Volumetric analysis was performed with vol2Brain, providing intracranial volume\u2010adjusted percentages and normative z\u2010scores. Group mean values were compared with normative data. One sample\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010test was used as well as exploratory\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010tests to examine sex differences, while Pearson correlations assessed associations with age.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients showed decreased brain tissue volumes relative to normative values. Mean white matter (\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0\u22121.12) and gray matter (\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.55) were reduced, while cerebrospinal fluid was increased (\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0+1.75). Cortical gray matter was moderately decreased (\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.77), whereas cerebellar gray matter was relatively preserved (\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0+0.19) but displayed high variability. No significant sex differences were observed. Age correlated significantly with volumetric percentages but not with z\u2010scores, suggesting parallel age\u2010related changes in patients and controls.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with schizophrenia demonstrated widespread reductions in brain tissue volumes and enlarged CSF spaces, consistent with previous literature. Preservation and variability of cerebellar gray matter highlight the heterogeneity of structural alterations. Automated volumetry offers a reproducible approach for characterizing brain morphology in schizophrenia and may support future efforts to define patient subgroups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.70071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T10:30:03Z","timestamp":1775298603000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Use of Z\u2010Scores and Percentages to Assess Structural Brain MRI Findings in Patients With Schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5257-1057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Calypso A.","family":"Mitkani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki  Thessaloniki Greece"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Agios Pavlos General Hospital  Thessaloniki Greece"},{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry  Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Prassopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Radiology AHEPA University Hospital of Thessaloniki School of Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki  Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony H.","family":"Aletras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Computing Medical Informatics and Biomedical\u2010Imaging Technologies School of Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki  Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos N.","family":"Fountoulakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki  Thessaloniki Greece"},{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry  Thessaloniki Greece"},{"name":"Society for Neurosciences and Rehabilitation (E.N.A.)  Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41537\u2010022\u201000325\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811221087645"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.01.30.523509"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093\u2010934X(03)00050\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2019.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2016.00030"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2022.862805"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.620401"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.1042814"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0920\u20109964(01)00163\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2017.00127"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.1.16"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mpr.70071","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mpr.70071","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mpr.70071","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T04:21:04Z","timestamp":1782274864000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mpr.70071"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mpr.70071"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mpr.70071","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1049-8931","1557-0657"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1049-8931","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-0657","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70071"}}