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Invariance across gender at the configural, metric, scalar and strict levels was established. Positive correlations were observed between PET and SITES scores. The SITES scores correlated significantly and positively with psychological distress. Both the SITES and the PET showed no significant correlations with self\u2010esteem scores.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While the present validation study leaves further work to be completed, it provides to practitioners and researchers two brief, cost\u2010effective, valid and reliable measures of state (PET) and trait (SITES) empathy in the Arabic language.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.70110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T08:56:24Z","timestamp":1790326584000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Psychometric Validation of an Arabic\u2010Language Version of the Pictorial Empathy Test (PET) and the Single\u2010Item Trait Empathy Scale (SITES) in a Tunisian Young Adult Sample"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2569-8017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feten","family":"Fekih\u2010Romdhane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis Department of Psychiatry \u201cIbn Omrane\u201d Razi Hospital  Manouba Tunisia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis Tunis El Manar University  Tunis Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghada","family":"Amouchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis Tunis El Manar University  Tunis Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6448-8282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amira Mohammed","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health Faculty of Nursing Alexandria University  Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majda","family":"Cheour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis Department of Psychiatry \u201cIbn Omrane\u201d Razi Hospital  Manouba Tunisia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis Tunis El Manar University  Tunis Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6918-5689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Souheil","family":"Hallit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Medical Sciences Holy Spirit University of Kaslik  Jounieh Lebanon"},{"name":"Psychology Department College of Humanities Effat University  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Applied Science Research Center Applied Science Private University  Amman Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","unstructured":"Agosta L.2011.Empathy and Sympathy in Ethics."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.01002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010024\u201060127\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2009.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/1015-5759\/a000699"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2011.07.1833"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","article-title":"Cultural Adaptation, Validation, and Psychometric Description of the Pictorial Empathy Test (PET) in the Spanish Population","author":"Baliyan S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"European Journal of Psychological Assessment"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","unstructured":"Baron\u2010Cohen S.2004.Questione Di cervello: La differenza essenziale tra uomini e donne: Mondadori."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/b:jadd.0000022607.19833.00"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632\u2010200012150\u201000014"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010neuro\u2010062111\u2010150536"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2010.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2005.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2016.03.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144\u2010018\u20109911\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","volume-title":"Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Applied Research","author":"Brown T. 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