{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T04:46:05Z","timestamp":1773290765872,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,4]],"date-time":"2001-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":988934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"United States Department of Agriculture National Needs program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Reproduction Devel"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intracellular pH has recently been shown to increase during parthenogenetic activation of the porcine oocyte. In the following set of experiments, intracellular pH was monitored during activation and pronuclear development was assessed following activation treatments with calcium, in the absence of calcium, and in oocytes loaded with the calcium chelator BAPTA\u2010AM in calcium\u2010free medium. Intracellular pH increase was not different among groups when treating with 7% ethanol or 50 \u03bcM calcium ionophore, or during treatment with thimerosal for 12 or 25 min. Activation with thimerosal (200 \u03bcM, 12 min) followed by 8 mM dithiothreitol (DTT, 30 min) resulted in a decreased pronuclear development in calcium\u2010free medium with or without BAPTA\u2010AM loaded oocytes as compared to controls. Activation with 50 \u03bcM calcium ionophore resulted in pronuclear development that was different between the calcium\u2010free and BAPTA\u2010AM loaded oocytes in calcium\u2010free medium. Similar incidences of pronuclear formation were observed in all ethanol treatment groups. It was concluded that external calcium as well as large changes in intracellular free calcium are not necessary for the increase in intracellular pH, but normal intracellular calcium signaling is critical for normal levels of pronuclear development. Finally, oocytes were measured for intracellular pH changes for 30 min following subzonal sperm injection. Intracellular pH did not increase, although pronuclear formation was observed 6 hr post SUZI. This suggested that major differences were still present between sperm\u2010induced and parthenogenetic activation of the porcine oocyte. <jats:italic>Mol. Reprod. 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