{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:24:51Z","timestamp":1790879091902,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,15]],"date-time":"2003-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1058227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Reproduction Devel"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In newt testis, spermatocytes never appear during winter, because secondary spermatogonia die by apoptosis just before meiosis. In the current study, we examined the effect of low temperatures on spermatogenesis. Incubation of newts at low temperatures (8, 12, 15\u00b0C) induced defects in spermatogenesis in a temperature\u2010dependent manner. At 8\u00b0C, multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) were observed in spermatocytes and spermatogenesis never proceeded beyond meiosis. Although spermatocytes completed meiotic divisions at 12\u00b0C, severe cell death was observed in the spermatids. At 15\u00b0C both normal and abnormal spermiogenesis were observed. Under these conditions, impaired meiotic synapsis\/recombination and down\u2010regulation of the expression of the DMC1 protein, which play pivotal roles in meiotic pairing in eukaryotes, were also observed. Furthermore, to examine the quality of the sperm produced at low temperature for supporting development, artificial insemination was performed. The eggs inseminated with spermatozoa derived from newts kept at 15\u00b0C demonstrated a restricted developmental capacity, even though these spermatozoa had an equal capacity for carrying out fertilization to those kept at 22\u00b0C. These results suggest that meiosis at low temperatures cause the production of abnormal spermatozoa. Conservation and the significance of this phenomenon in poikilothermic vertebrates living in the temperate zones are also discussed. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 66: 60\u201366, 2003. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.10328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,17]],"date-time":"2003-07-17T10:10:00Z","timestamp":1058436600000},"page":"60-66","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Abnormal spermatogenesis at low temperatures in the Japanese red\u2010bellied newt, <i>Cynops pyrrhogaster<\/i>: Possible biological significance of the cessation of spermatocytogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Takashi","family":"Yazawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Nakayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenta","family":"Fujimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiko","family":"Matsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Kitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin\u2010Ichi","family":"Ab\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0016672300013707"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0016672300013719"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.125.20.4007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(63)90016-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90446-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02996220"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.1145"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Il ciclo sessuale annuale in Triturus cristatus carnifex Laur. 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