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The presence of high levels of n\u20106 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the plasma membrane creates favorable conditions for the formation of peroxidative products, a major cause of membrane damage which may ultimately impair male fertility. However, a complex antioxidant system involving vitamin C, vitamin E and GSH is naturally present in avian semen. Coupled with a battery of enzymatic defenses (e.g., SOD, GSH\u2010Px either Se\u2010 or non\u2010Se\u2010dependent), this system acts to prevent or restrict the formation and propagation of peroxides. The presence of specialized sites dedicated to prolonged sperm storage in avian females raises the question of durable protection of sperm membranes against peroxidation. Preliminary observations have revealed the presence of a specific antioxidant system at these sites in which vitamin C could exert a major role. From a practical standpoint, the extensive use of artificial insemination in poultry, along with the emergence in some species of workable techniques to cryopreserve spermatozoa, demand better control of peroxidation occurring in the plasma membrane of spermatozoa before or during storage. Dietary supplementation with vitamin E is effective in limiting lipid peroxidation of sperm plasma membranes, both in chickens and turkeys. In addition, organic Se with or without vitamin E stimulates Se\u2010GSH\u2010Px activity in seminal plasma. Preliminary observations in female chickens have also revealed the effectiveness of dietary supplementation with vitamin E, organic selenium or both to sustain fertility in aging flocks. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 66: 314\u2013323, 2003. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.10347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,16]],"date-time":"2003-09-16T13:36:12Z","timestamp":1063719372000},"page":"314-323","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":126,"title":["Roles of antioxidants on prolonged storage of avian spermatozoa in vivo and in vitro"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Christelle","family":"Br\u00e9que","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Surai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Pierre","family":"Brillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/RD9940019"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/AR9570788"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.1120230108"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"234","article-title":"D\u00e9riv\u00e9s actifs de l'oxyg\u00e8ne et dysfonctions spermatiques: r\u00f4le de l'infection du tractus g\u00e9nital de l'homme","volume":"8","author":"Auger J","year":"1998","journal-title":"Androl"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"1257","article-title":"Anatomical basis of sperm\u2010storage in the avian oviduct","volume":"1","author":"Bakst MR","year":"1987","journal-title":"Scanning Microsc"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"117","article-title":"Oviducal sperm selection, transport, and storage in poultry","volume":"5","author":"Bakst MR","year":"1994","journal-title":"Poult Sci Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668708416982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(93)90260-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"BradleyF.1982.The ultrastructure and function of the primary sperm\u2010storage sites in the turkey hen as affected by season and insemination. 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