{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T06:40:34Z","timestamp":1769582434004,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,4]],"date-time":"2005-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1107475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5362,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Reproduction Devel"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Head plasma membranes (HPM) isolated from cryopreserved boar spermatozoa show an excessive fluidization (Buhr et al., Gamete Res 23:441\u2013449, 1989), which might be involved in the loss of fertility. The current study assessed the ability of cold shock (5\u00b0C) and phospholipase A<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (PA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) to duplicate these effects on membrane structure and to affect <jats:sup>45<\/jats:sup>Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> uptake and gross morphological characteristics of whole, fresh boar sperm. The HPM from cold\u2010shocked sperm showed a significantly greater rate of fluidization over time than did HPM from control sperm. Addition of PA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (bee or snake venom, 0.1 or 10.0 ng\/ml) to HPM from control sperm caused fluidization similar to cold shocking, but to a lesser degree (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Cold\u2010shocked intact sperm exhibited severe acrosomal disruption, loss of motility, and increased <jats:sup>45<\/jats:sup>Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> uptake relative to control sperm. Addition of PA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (bee or snake venom, 0.1, 1.0., 10.0, and 1,000 ng\/ml) to control sperm had not effect on gross morphology or motility while maintaining or increasing sperm extrusion of <jats:sup>45<\/jats:sup>Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>. Therefore, although PA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> can, to some extent, duplicate the effects of cold shock on HPM molecular organization, its lipid hydrolytic action is insufficient to cause all the gross disruptions of severe thermal shock. Both PA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and cold shock disrupted HPM structure, but only cold shock increased <jats:sup>45<\/jats:sup>Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> uptake, suggesting that cold shock may be increasing <jats:sup>45<\/jats:sup>Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> uptake in areas other than the head. Cold shock disrupts sperm on three levels; membrane molecular organization, intracellular Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> regulation, and gross morphology\/motility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.1080260208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,24]],"date-time":"2005-02-24T00:30:58Z","timestamp":1109205058000},"page":"143-149","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Effects of cold shock and phospholipase A<sub>2<\/sub> on intact boar spermatozoa and sperm head plasma membranes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Robertson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. L.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. M.","family":"Buhr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0750133"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0820509"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(83)90505-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.1120230409"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0850533"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1947.sp004228"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.1120040402"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826067809412288"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0780447"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1970.30191x","article-title":"Effects of cold shock, dilution, glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide on cation concentrations in porcine spermatozoa","volume":"30","author":"Hood RD","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(74)90116-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(76)90095-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7204-0623-8.50011-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1944.34360x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"779","volume-title":"Methods of Enzymatic Analysis","author":"Linhardt K","year":"1963"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"267","volume-title":"Membrane Fusion","author":"Lucy JA","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)34873-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Current Problems in Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Fertility","author":"Mortimer D","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","first-page":"62","article-title":"Artificial insemination in pigs","volume":"68","author":"Polge C","year":"1956","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/227810a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1972.342278x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(81)90270-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0770177"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","first-page":"286","article-title":"Prior incubation reduces calcium uptake and membrane disruption in boar spermatozoa subjected to cold shock","volume":"9","author":"Robertson L","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cryo Lett"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4157(78)90010-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00576a012"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.97.1.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","first-page":"189","volume-title":"The Effects of Low Temperature on Biological Membranes","author":"Watson PF","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","first-page":"311","volume-title":"Temperature and Animal Cells","author":"Watson PF","year":"1987"}],"container-title":["Molecular Reproduction and Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmrd.1080260208","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mrd.1080260208","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]],"date-time":"2023-10-22T11:26:48Z","timestamp":1697974008000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mrd.1080260208"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,6]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mrd.1080260208"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mrd.1080260208","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-452X","1098-2795"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-452X","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2795","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,6]]}}}