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As measured by image analyses, the projected nuclear area increased linearly up to approximately fivefold with LIS concentrations up to 10 mM. Swollen nuclei also maintained the elliptical shapes characteristic of the human sperm head. Expanded sperm nuclei of three men were hybridized with a fluorescently labeled 3.4 kb Y chromosome\u2010specific repetitive DNA probe; 50.1% of the nuclei of each semen sample showed fluorescent labeling over a part of the nucleus indicating presence of the Y chromosome. In comparison, unswollen sperm did not yield reliable hybridization signals. This procedure is suitable for determining the proportion of human sperm with Y chromosomes and can be used to evaluate sperm separation techniques. The availability of probes specific for most human chromosomes suggests that this procedure may find general application in studies of sperm chromosomal constitution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.1080270304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,24]],"date-time":"2005-02-24T00:26:31Z","timestamp":1109204791000},"page":"200-208","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Fluorescence In situ hybridization to Y chromosomes in decondensed human sperm nuclei"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Wyrobek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Alhborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rod","family":"Balhorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larry","family":"Stanker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Pinkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.93.2.298"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Molecular Biology of Chromosomal Function","author":"Balhorn R","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1470-8744.1987.tb00465.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00637a021"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4827(84)90572-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/226961a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0330019"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1401880203"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1985.tb07651.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00389451"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000132500"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00348698"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.38.10.1085"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.1983.tb00171.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"Formation of disulfide bonds in the nucleus and accessory structures of mammalian spermatozoa during maturation in the epididymis","volume":"13","author":"Calvin HI","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Reprod Biol Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1976.tb00182.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.990070107"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00328394"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.990060311"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/31.1A_Suppl.6186729"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5320(78)80073-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.1120200312"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.1982.tb03114.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01485018608986928"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01485018508987272"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.1981.tb00010.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01485018408987512"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(81)90183-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00286608"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tcm.1770010208"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19.4.203"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00272374"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(78)90109-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(84)90208-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00393995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.9.2934"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","first-page":"127","article-title":"DNA and protein content of mouse sperm","volume":"136","author":"Pogany GC","year":"1981","journal-title":"Implications regarding sperm chromatin structure. 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