{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]],"date-time":"2025-04-21T11:06:19Z","timestamp":1745233579479},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,4]],"date-time":"2005-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1107475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3656,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Reproduction Devel"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Norethisterone (NET) has been used as a contragestational postcoital agent. It is biotrans\u2010formed to 5\u03b1 dihydro\u2010NET (5\u03b1\u2010NET) and 3\u03b2,5\u03b1 tetrahydro\u2010NET (3\u03b2,5\u03b1\u2010NET) in target tissues. The participation of these metabolites in NET effects is unknown. We have examined the antiimplantation and antiprogestational effects of NET and its metabolites, in adult mated female rabbits, by assessing the number of implantation sites and the expression products of the uteroglobin (UTG) gene in the uterus, and by comparing them with those of RU\u2010486 and estradiol. Steroids were daily administered s.c. at several doses for 7 consecutive days, starting 24 hr after coitus. To assure that fertilization occurred in all animals, the presence of early pregnancy factor was determined. The results demonstrated that high doses (5 mg\/kg) of NET reduced both implantation and the expression of the UTG gene. On the other hand, lower doses (1.5 mg\/kg) of 5\u03b1\u2010NET produced an antiimplantation effect and suppressed UTG synthesis and its mRNA. These effects were similar to those of RU\u2010486. At lower doses (1 mg\/kg), both estradiol and the estrogenic metabolite 3\u03b2,5\u03b1\u2010NET were also effective in inhibiting implantation and UTG gene expression. The overall results suggest that NET metabolites exert antiimplantation and antiprogestational effects through their interaction with progesterone and estrogen receptors, and provide an explanation for the molecular mechanisms involved in the postcoital contraceptive action of NET. \u00a9 1995 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.1080400204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,23]],"date-time":"2005-02-23T23:11:06Z","timestamp":1109200266000},"page":"157-163","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Molecular mechanisms of the antihormonal and antiimplantation effects of norethisterone and its a\u2010ring reduced metabolites"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Ivone","family":"Castro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco Antonio","family":"Cerb\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Maria","family":"Pasapera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruben","family":"Guti\u00e9Rrez\u2010sagal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gustavo A.","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Orozco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Camacho\u2010Arroyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rene","family":"Anzaldua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregorio","family":"P\u00e9Rez\u2010Palacios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10384","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)44468-1","article-title":"The rabbit uteroglobin gene: structure and interaction with the progesterone receptor","volume":"258","author":"Bailly A","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01555a054"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-146-38091"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.1983.2.329"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4731(90)90107-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"175","volume-title":"Reproduction, Growth and Development","author":"Cerb\u00f3n MA","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4731(85)90151-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0378(87)90072-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(83)90418-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)49099-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.1080340303"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1402140107"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(81)90063-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"33","volume-title":"Progesterone and Progestins","author":"J\u00e4nne O","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-109-5-1479"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4731(87)90134-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","first-page":"70","volume-title":"Recent Advances in Fertility Regulation","author":"Lei HP","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3465","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)69632-8","article-title":"Mechanism of action of progesterone in the rabbit endometrium. 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