{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T02:04:30Z","timestamp":1779156270036,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,13]],"date-time":"2004-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1081814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Reproduction Devel"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated the characteristics of the changes in intracellular calcium (Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>) concentration ([Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>) and the viability of the unfertilized mouse oocytes exposed to various concentrations of ethylene glycol (EG)\u2010containing solutions or vitrification solutions. Oocytes exposed to EG (1, 5, 10, 20, and 40% (v\/v)) exhibited a rapid and dose\u2010dependent increase in [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>. The survival rate was 100% when oocytes were exposed to the EG concentration up to 5% through 5 min, while all oocytes were dead within 3 min when exposed to 10, 20, or 40% EG. When extracellular Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> was removed, increase in [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub> at 10 and 20% EG was less than that at the same concentrations of EG with extracellular Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>. The survival rates of the oocytes exposed to 10, 20, and 40% EG at 3 min were 100, 97, and 0%, respectively. In the presence of 20 \u03bcM 1,2\u2010bis(<jats:italic>o<\/jats:italic>\u2010aminopheoxy)ethane\u2010<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2032,<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2032\u2010tetraacetic acid tetra acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA\u2010AM), a Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> chelator, a small increase in [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub> exposed to 10, 20, and 40% EG was observed until 4 min. Subsequently prolonged elevation of the [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub> was observed in the oocytes exposed to 40% EG but not with 10 and 20% EG. The survival rate of the oocytes, in the presence of 20 \u03bcM BAPTA\u2010AM, exposed to 10 and 20% EG was 100% throughout 5 min, while the oocytes exposed to 40% EG were alive only for 3 min. Treatment by the vitrification solution with various concentrations of EG (10, 20, and 40%) caused a smaller increase in [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>, while the survival rates were higher compared to those without vitrification solution at the same concentrations of EG. These data suggested that the sustained [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub> rises by EG in unfertilized mouse oocytes resulted in cell death. Therefore, the lowering of [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub> in the oocytes exposed to the cryoprotectant may improve the viability of cryopreserved unfertilized oocytes. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 68: 250\u2013258, 2004. \u00a9 2004 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.20073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,13]],"date-time":"2004-04-13T19:01:22Z","timestamp":1081882882000},"page":"250-258","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Lowering intracellular and extracellular calcium contents prevents cytotoxic effects of ethylene glycol\u2010based vitrification solution in unfertilized mouse oocytes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Toshifumi","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Igarashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masakazu","family":"Doshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Nakahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naohiro","family":"Tezuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hirohisa","family":"Kurachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136616"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"57","article-title":"A possible role of cold\u2010induced ionic stress in cold\u2010induced cell death","volume":"11","author":"Aslanidi KB","year":"1997","journal-title":"Membr Cell Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35036035"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0900547"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90989-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(00)01516-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/16.3.411"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0011-2240(84)90079-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03815.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138201"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2637","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a135759","article-title":"Intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo development of human oocytes cryopreserved using 1,2\u2010propanediol","volume":"10","author":"Gook DA","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(99)00199-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137289","article-title":"Fertilization and development of the human oocyte following exposure to cryoprotectants, low temperatures, and cryopreservation: A comparison of two techniques","volume":"6","author":"Hunter JE","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01203954"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/12.6.1259"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4565(00)00012-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01130783"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.100.2.313","article-title":"The effect of dimethylsulphoxide on the microtubular system of the mouse oocyte","volume":"100","author":"Johnson MH","year":"1987","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02761753"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0890091"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod47.6.1134"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a135761"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199910150-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(92)90265-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.12.3077"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cryo.1999.2153"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.0.1240483"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.102.006833"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1988.tb22291.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.10275"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(88)80492-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.10.2874"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001703-200106000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1150"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137248","article-title":"Cryoprotection of human oocytes: Inappropriate exposure to DMSO reduces fertilization rates","volume":"6","author":"Pickering SJ","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-18041"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(97)00268-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0011-2240(87)90042-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/313573a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(01)00705-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000010236"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.1120210407"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cryo.1997.2043"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2170\/jjphysiol.41.341"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(08)62557-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2795(200003)55:3<299::AID-MRD8>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019428"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.1070270209"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)90398-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0870809"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(03)00258-9"}],"container-title":["Molecular Reproduction and Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmrd.20073","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mrd.20073","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,7]],"date-time":"2023-10-07T11:58:07Z","timestamp":1696679887000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mrd.20073"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,13]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mrd.20073"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mrd.20073","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-452X","1098-2795"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-452X","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2795","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,13]]}}}