{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T02:32:51Z","timestamp":1791167571678,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,1]],"date-time":"2007-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1180656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Reproduction Devel"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Preeclampsia (PE), Hemolysis Elevated Liver Enzymes and Low Platelets (HELLP)\u2010syndrome, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are associated with abnormal placentation. In early pregnancy, placental cytotrophoblasts fuse and form multinuclear syncytiotrophoblasts. The envelope gene of the human endogenous retrovirus\u2010W, Syncytin, is a key factor for mediating cell\u2013cell fusion of cytotrophoblasts. This study investigated clinical parameters of PE and HELLP\u2010associated IUGR and analyzed the cell\u2013cell fusion index and \u03b2\u2010human chorionic gonadotropin (\u03b2\u2010hCG) secretion of cytotrophoblasts isolated and cultured from placentas of these patients. In addition, we performed absolute quantitation of Syncytin and determined the apoptosis rate in both cultured cytotrophoblasts and placental tissues. Cultured cytotrophoblasts from PE and HELLP\u2010associated IUGR correlated with a pronounced lower cell\u2013cell fusion index, 1.8\u2010 and 3.6\u2010fold; less nuclei per syncytiotrophoblast, 1.4\u2010 and 2.0\u2010fold; a significantly decreased \u03b2\u2010hCG secretion, 4.3\u2010 and 17.2\u2010fold and a reduction of Syncytin gene expression, 8.1 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.019) and 222.7\u2010fold (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.011) compared with controls, respectively. In contrast, a significantly 2.3\u2010fold higher apoptosis rate was observed in cultured PE\/IUGR cytotrophoblasts (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.043). Importantly, Syncytin gene expression in primary placental tissues of PE\/IUGR was 5.4\u2010fold lower (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.047) and in HELLP\/IUGR 10.6\u2010fold lower (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.019) along with a 1.8\u2010 and 1.9\u2010fold significant increase in the apoptosis rate compared with controls, respectively. Low Syncytin expression in both cultured cytotrophoblasts and primary tissues from pathological placentas supports an intrinsic placenta\u2010specific deregulation of cell\u2013cell fusion in the formation of syncytiotrophoblasts leading to increased apoptosis. These processes could contribute to the development and severity of PE and HELLP\u2010associated IUGR. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 175\u2013183, 2008. \u00a9 2007 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.20729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,1]],"date-time":"2007-06-01T16:17:29Z","timestamp":1180714649000},"page":"175-183","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":181,"title":["Impaired cytotrophoblast cell\u2013cell fusion is associated with reduced Syncytin and increased apoptosis in patients with placental dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Manuela","family":"Langbein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reiner","family":"Strick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela L.","family":"Strissel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Vogt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Parsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias W.","family":"Beckmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf L.","family":"Schild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)70605-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(00)00895-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/77076"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(90)90011-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404838101"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"155","volume-title":"Characterization of the developmental stages","author":"Benirschke K","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030628"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.7.3321-3329.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI6380"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2003.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2005.00843.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.9.5585-5593.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65123-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1992.tb13818.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0406509102"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.23.10.3566-3574.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-4004(85)80066-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.119176"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.1.00723"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1986.tb07830.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2006.01.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","unstructured":"KingdomJ JauniauxE O'BrienP.2000.The Placenta: Basic Science and Clinical practice. 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