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The secretion of gonadal steroids is directly regulated by signaling pathways involving gonadotropins (GtHs) and gonadotropin receptors (GtHRs) in teleosts. To gain insight into the involvement of GtH\/GtHR systems in the sex change process, cDNAs encoding follicle\u2010stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) were firstly isolated from gonads of orange\u2010spotted grouper (<jats:italic>Epinephelus coioides<\/jats:italic>), a protogynous hermaphrodite fish. Reverse transcription\u2010PCR (RT\u2010PCR) analysis demonstrated that the expression of the FSHR was confined to the brain, pituitary gland, ovary, and testis, while the LHR was expressed only in the brain, ovary, and testis. Furthermore, the expression profiles of GtH subunits (FSH\u03b2 and LH\u03b2) and their receptors were analyzed in parallel with the serum levels of estradiol\u201017\u03b2 (E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), testosterone (T), and 11\u2010ketotestosterone (11\u2010KT) during 17\u03b1\u2010methyltestosterone (MT)\u2010induced sex change. Quantitative real\u2010time PCR determined that the abundances of FSH\u03b2 and FSHR were significantly inhibited after MT treatment for 2 and 4 weeks, but subsequently returned to the control level after 6 weeks. In contrast, the mRNA levels of LH\u03b2 and LHR were significantly elevated throughout the sex change process. During MT\u2010induced sex change, serum concentrations of E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> remained constant while T and 11\u2010KT levels were significantly increased. Taken together, our results suggest that GtH\/GtHR systems are involved in MT\u2010induced sex change, and two signaling pathways may have distinct roles in modulating the variations of the corresponding steroid hormones in the orange\u2010spotted grouper. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 78:376\u2013390, 2011. \u00a9 2011 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.21319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,8]],"date-time":"2011-04-08T17:14:10Z","timestamp":1302282850000},"page":"376-390","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Expression profiles of gonadotropins and their receptors during 17\u03b1\u2010methyltestosterone implantation\u2010induced sex change in the orange\u2010spotted grouper (<i>Epinephelus 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