{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:43:49Z","timestamp":1787165029812,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,13]],"date-time":"2013-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1360713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Missouri Startup Funds"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Reproduction Devel"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n The effects of exogenous hormones, used for estrus synchronization and ovarian hyper stimulation, on cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) gene expression in sexually mature rats were determined using microarrays. Gene expression in COCs collected from GnRH (G\n trt<\/jats:sub>\n ), GnRH\u2009+\u2009eCG (G\u2009+\u2009E\n trt<\/jats:sub>\n ), and GnRH\u2009+\u2009eCG\u2009+\u2009hCG (G\u2009+\u2009E\u2009+\u2009H\n trt<\/jats:sub>\n ) treatments were compared to COCs from naturally cycling (NC) rats before the preovulatory luteninizing hormone surge. There was no significant difference in gene expression among NC, G\n trt<\/jats:sub>\n , and G\u2009+\u2009E\n trt<\/jats:sub>\n ; however, over 2,600 genes were significantly different between NC and G\u2009+\u2009E\u2009+\u2009H\n trt<\/jats:sub>\n (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05). Genes upregulated in G\u2009+\u2009E\u2009+\u2009H\n trt<\/jats:sub>\n encode for: proteins that are involved in prostaglandin synthesis (\n Ptgs2<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Pla2g4a<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n Runx1<\/jats:italic>\n ) and cholesterol biosynthesis (\n Hmgcr<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Sc4mol<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n Dhcr24<\/jats:italic>\n ); receptors that allow cholesterol uptake (\n Ldlr<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Scarb1<\/jats:italic>\n ), regulate progesterone synthesis (\n Star<\/jats:italic>\n ), and inactivate estrogen (\n Sult1e1<\/jats:italic>\n ); and downstream effectors of LH signal (\n Pgr<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Cebpb<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Creb3l1<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Areg<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Ereg<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n Adamts1<\/jats:italic>\n ). Conversely, G\u2009+\u2009E\u2009+\u2009H\n trt<\/jats:sub>\n downregulated genes encoding proteins involved in: DNA replication and cell cycle progression (\n Ccne2<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Orc5l<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Rad50<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n Mcm6<\/jats:italic>\n ); reproductive developmental process; and granulosa cell expansion (\n Gdf9<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Bmp15<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Amh<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Amhr2<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Bmpr1b<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Tgfb2<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Foxl2<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Pde3a<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Esr2<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Fshr<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Ybx2<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Ccnd2<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Ccnb1ip1<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n Zp3<\/jats:italic>\n ); maternal effect genes required for embryo development (\n Zar1<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Npm2<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Nlrp5<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Dnmt1<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n H1foo<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n Zfp57<\/jats:italic>\n ); amino acid degradation; and ketogenesis (\n Hmgcs2<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n Cpt1b<\/jats:italic>\n ). These results from the rat show that hormones used for estrus synchronization (G\n trt<\/jats:sub>\n ) and ovarian hyper stimulation (G\u2009+\u2009E\n trt<\/jats:sub>\n ) had minimal effects on gene expression, whereas induction of ovulation (G\u2009+\u2009E\u2009+\u2009H\n trt<\/jats:sub>\n ) caused major changes in gene expression of rat COCs. This study provides comprehensive information about regulated genes during late follicle development and ovulation induction. Mol. Reprod. Dev. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.22141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,13]],"date-time":"2012-12-13T17:01:39Z","timestamp":1355418099000},"page":"102-117","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Estrus synchronization and ovarian hyper\u2010stimulation treatments have negligible effects on cumulus oocyte complex gene expression whereas induction of ovulation causes major expression 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