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Seminal plasma induced long\u2010term modulatory effects and conceptus\u2010induced immune changes in leukocyte populations were measured by flow cytometry and mRNAs for various cytokines by quantitative reverse\u2010transcriptase PCR in porcine endometrium collected on Days 6 and 13 from cycling and pregnant animals or from animals given seminal plasma infusions. Seminal plasma infusion induced long\u2010term modulatory effects, resulting in significantly more endometrial FoxP3\u2010positive T\u2010regulatory and T\u2010helper cells 6 days after infusion as compared to cycling and pregnant animals. The number of T\u2010cytotoxic and T\u2010null cells did not change between the studied groups. The early molecular effects of seminal plasma were not observed at 13\u2010days post\u2010infusion, although animals on Day 13 of pregnancy did show significantly more T\u2010cells (of any type investigated). Seminal plasma also showed a delayed effect on cytokine expression, specifically exhibiting a significant increase in interleukin 10 (<jats:italic>IL10<\/jats:italic>) and a decrease in granulocyte macrophage colony\u2010stimulating factor (<jats:italic>GMCSF<\/jats:italic>) gene expression on Day 13 as compared to Day 6 of cycling or pregnant gilts. The results indicate a delayed regulatory effect of seminal plasma on immune responses in the porcine uterus, which are similar to immune changes generated by implanting conceptuses. <jats:italic>Mol. Reprod. Dev. 2014. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.22297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,30]],"date-time":"2013-12-30T12:06:43Z","timestamp":1388405203000},"page":"270-281","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Effects of seminal plasma and the presence of a conceptus on regulation of lymphocyte\u2010cytokine network in porcine endometrium"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Beenu Moza","family":"Jalali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences Olsztyn Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Kitewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences Olsztyn Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Wasielak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences Olsztyn Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Bodek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences Olsztyn Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Bogacki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences Olsztyn Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033625"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Does enhanced antigenicity of semen increase the litter size in pigs? 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