{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T10:59:53Z","timestamp":1790161193039,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,25]],"date-time":"2014-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Missouri Life Sciences Research Board","award":["13324-2007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13324-2007"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"USDA-National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2011-67015-20025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2011-67015-20025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Reproduction Devel"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Post\u2010acrosomal WW\u2010domain binding protein (PAWP) is a signaling molecule located in the post\u2010acrosomal sheath (PAS) of mammalian spermatozoa. We hypothesized that the proper integration of PAWP in the sperm PAS is reflective of bull\u2010sperm quality and fertility. Cryopreserved semen samples from 298 sires of acceptable, but varied, fertility used in artificial insemination services were analyzed using immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry for PAWP protein. In normal spermatozoa, PAWP fluorescence formed a regular band around the proximal PAS. Anomalies of PAWP labeling in defective spermatozoa were reflected in flow cytometry by varied intensities of PAWP\u2010induced fluorescence. Distinct sperm phenotypes were also identified, including morphologically normal and some defective spermatozoa with moderate levels of PAWP; grossly defective spermatozoa with low\/no PAWP; and defective spermatozoa with high PAWP. Analysis by ImageStream flow cytometry confirmed the prevalence of abnormal sperm phenotypes in the spermatozoa with abnormal PAWP content. Live\/dead staining and video recording showed that some abnormal spermatozoa are viable and capable of progressive motility. Conventional flow\u2010cytometric measurements of PAWP correlated significantly with semen quality and fertility parameters that reflect the sires' artificial insemination fertility, including secondary sperm morphology, conception rate, non\u2010return rate, and residual value. A multiplex, flow\u2010cytometric test detecting PAWP, aggresomes (ubiquitinated protein aggregates), and acrosomal integrity (peanut\u2010agglutinin\u2010lectin labeling) had a predictive value for conception rate, as demonstrated by step\u2010wise regression analysis. We conclude that PAWP correlates with semen\/fertility parameters used in the cattle artificial insemination industry, making PAWP a potential biomarker of bull fertility. <jats:italic>Mol. Reprod. Dev<\/jats:italic>. 81: ???\u2013???, 2014. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.22309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,1]],"date-time":"2014-02-01T09:39:04Z","timestamp":1391247544000},"page":"436-449","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Protein expression pattern of PAWP in bull spermatozoa is associated with sperm quality and fertility following artificial insemination"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Chelsey E.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Animal Sciences University of Missouri Columbia Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kari Beth","family":"Krieger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genex Cooperative Shawano Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Sutovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Animal Sciences University of Missouri Columbia Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOFA ICB Mount Horeb Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Vargovi\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Animal Sciences University of Missouri Columbia Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley A.","family":"Didion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOFA ICB Mount Horeb Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark R.","family":"Ellersieck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Animal Sciences University of Missouri Columbia Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madison E.","family":"Hennessy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Animal Sciences 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