{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T02:16:19Z","timestamp":1789611379215,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,14]],"date-time":"2014-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1400025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD","award":["U54 HD55787"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54 HD55787"]}]},{"name":"(Cooperative Research Partnerships to Promote Workforce Diversity in the Reproductive Sciences)","award":["U01 HD66439"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 HD66439"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Reproduction Devel"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>One of the most dynamic adult human tissues is the endometrium. Through coordinated, cyclical proliferation, differentiation, leukocyte recruitment, apoptosis, and desquamation, the uterine lining is expanded and shed monthly, unless pregnancy is established. Errors in these steps potentially cause endometrial dysfunction, abnormal uterine bleeding, failed embryonic implantation, infertility, or endometrial carcinoma. Our prior studies showed that gap junctions comprised of Gap junction alpha\u20101 (GJA1) protein, also known as connexin 43 (CX43), subunits are critical to endometrial stromal cell differentiation. The current studies were undertaken to explore the mechanism of endometrial dysfunction when gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) is disrupted. Gap junction blockade by two distinct GJIC inhibitors, 18\u03b1\u2010glycyrrhetinic acid (AGA) and octanol (OcOH), suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis in endometrial stromal cells, as manifested by reduced biomarkers of cell viability, increased TUNEL staining, caspase\u20103 activation, sub\u2010G<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> chromosomal DNA complement, as well as shortened telomere length. Unexpectedly, we also observed that the chemical inhibitors blocked <jats:italic>CX43<\/jats:italic> gene expression. Moreover, when endometrial stromal cells were induced to undergo hormonal decidualization, following a 7\u2010day exposure to 10\u2009nM 17\u03b2\u2010estradiol\u2009+\u2009100\u2009nM progesterone\u2009+\u20090.5\u2009mM dibutyryl cAMP, characteristic epithelioid changes in cell shape and secretion of prolactin were blunted in the presence of AGA or OcOH, recapitulating effects of RNA interference of <jats:italic>CX43<\/jats:italic>. Our findings indicate that endometrial stromal cell proliferation and maintenance of decidualized endometrial function are GJIC\u2010dependent, and that disruption of gap junctions induces endometrial stromal cell apoptosis. These observations may have important implications for several common clinical endometrial pathologies. <jats:italic>Mol. Reprod. 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