{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T02:00:58Z","timestamp":1790647258490,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,14]],"date-time":"2015-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1421193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000040","name":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000040","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Reproduction Devel"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Early estimation of bull fertility is highly desirable for the conservation of male genetics of endangered species and for the exploitation of genetically superior sires in artificial insemination programs. The present work was conducted as a proof\u2010of\u2010principle study to identify fertility\u2010associated metabolites in dairy bull seminal plasma and blood serum using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (\n                      <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                      H NMR). Semen and blood samples were collected from high\u2010 and low\u2010fertility breeding bulls (n\u2009=\u20095 each), stationed at Semex, Guelph, Canada. NMR spectra of serum and seminal plasma were recorded at a resonance frequency of 500.13\u2009MHz on a Bruker Avance\u2010500 spectrometer equipped with an inverse triple resonance probe (TXI, 5\u2009mm). Spectra were phased manually, baseline corrected, and calibrated against 3\u2010(trimethylsilyl) propionic\u20102,2,3,3\u2010d\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      acid at 0.0 parts per million (ppm). Spectra were converted to an appropriate format for analysis using Prometab software running within MATLAB. Principal component analysis was used to examine intrinsic variation in the NMR data set, and to identify trends and to exclude outliers. Partial least square\u2010discriminant analysis was performed to identify the significant features between fertility groups. The fertility\u2010associated metabolites with variable importance in projections (VIP) scores &gt;2 were citrate (2.50\u2009ppm), tryptamine\/taurine (3.34\u20133.38\u2009ppm), isoleucine (0.74\u2009ppm), and leucine (0.78\u2009ppm) in the seminal plasma; and isoleucine (1.14\u2009ppm), asparagine (2.90\u20132.94\u2009ppm), glycogen (3.98\u2009ppm), and citrulline (1.54\u2009ppm) in the serum. These metabolites showed identifiable peaks, and thus can be used as biomarkers of fertility in breeding bulls.\n                      <jats:italic>Mol. Reprod. Dev. 82: 123\u2013131, 2015. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.22450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,14]],"date-time":"2015-01-14T17:53:45Z","timestamp":1421258025000},"page":"123-131","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Fertility\u2010associated metabolites in bull seminal plasma and blood serum:\n                    <sup>1<\/sup>\n                    H nuclear magnetic resonance analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Ajeet","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Animal Genetic Resource Program Agriculture and Agri\u2010Food Canada Saskatoon Research Center Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences Western College of Veterinary Medicine University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Kroetsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Semex Alliance Guelph Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Blondin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L'Alliance Boviteq Saint\u2010Hyacinthe Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Anzar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Animal Genetic Resource Program Agriculture and Agri\u2010Food Canada Saskatoon Research Center Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences Western College of Veterinary Medicine University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan 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