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Spermatogenesis in the boar produces 256 spermatozoa per type A<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> spermatogonium, but the process is inefficient such that only 10\u201330% of these potential spermatozoa are actually produced. Heat further impacts spermatogenesis by reducing the number of specific germ cells produced while increasing the fraction of abnormal sperm. Early studies used whole\u2010animal exposure to simulate seasonal exposure to heat under production settings, but this approach is associated with many confounding factors that make assessment of the mechanisms of heat\u2010induced damage to spermatogenesis difficult. Scrotal insulation provides a better model to investigate the mechanisms and potential mitigation strategies of heat\u2010induce damage. For example, scrotal insulation helped identify a link between short\u2010term heat stress and damage to meiotic germ cells. This outcome is likely due to changes in the integrity of the blood\u2010testis barrier, which induce apoptosis, autophagy and DNA damage in the germ cells. Further understanding how heat damages spermatogenesis, and whether or not this can be repaired, are crucial to mitigating heat effects on boars in production settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.22841","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,11]],"date-time":"2017-07-11T13:14:44Z","timestamp":1499778884000},"page":"969-978","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Scrotal insulation and sperm production in the boar"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4085-556X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John J.","family":"Parrish","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kilby L.","family":"Willenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katelynn M.","family":"Gibbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kylie B.","family":"Yagoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan M.","family":"Krautkramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teyanna M.","family":"Loether","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiana C.S.A.","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biology Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa Vi\u00e7osa Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"Evaluation of apoptotic genes expression and its protein after treatment of cryptorchid mice","volume":"16","author":"Absalan F.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iranian Biomedical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod46.6.1114"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.1.00531"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1977.445818x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2012.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2010.01089.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0590173"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.110.002790"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(00)00194-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2010.97"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2013.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2014.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","unstructured":"EstienneMJ.2000. 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