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Complex biological events\u2014including genetics, epigenetics, maternal maturity, maternal nutrition, placenta efficiency, uterine capacity, and other environmental factors\u2014can affect fetal growth and development during late gestation, as well as maturity of oocytes, duration of estrus, and both implantation and placentation of conceptuses in uteri of sows. Understanding the physiological changes related to initiation and progress of IUGR are, therefore, of great importance to formulate nutritional strategies that can mitigate IUGR in gilts and sows. Altering the nutritional status of sows prior to mating and during early\u2010, mid\u2010, and late\u2010gestation may be effective at increasing the uniformity of oocytes and conceptuses, decreasing variation among conceptuses during elongation and implantation, and preventing increases in within\u2010litter variation in fetal weights during late gestation. This review summarizes current progress on physiological alterations responsible for IUGR fetuses, as well as possible nutritional interventions to prevent the initiation and continuation of IUGR in gilts and sows.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.22842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,29]],"date-time":"2017-06-29T13:10:44Z","timestamp":1498741844000},"page":"897-904","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Physiological alterations associated with intrauterine growth restriction in fetal pigs: Causes and insights for nutritional optimization"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9427-3824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junjun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health China Agricultural University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuiping","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology China\u2010Japan Friendship Hospital Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8058-6969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guoyao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Animal Science Texas A&amp;M University College Station Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuller W.","family":"Bazer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science Texas A&amp;M University College Station Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/1993.7161566x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2008.01.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/RD99007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/RD99040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"233","article-title":"Causes and consequences of fetal growth retardation in pigs","volume":"58","author":"Ashworth C. 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