{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T23:00:10Z","timestamp":1790290810907,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,11]],"date-time":"2017-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Reproduction Devel"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Reproductive traits are complex, and desirable reproductive phenotypes, such as litter size or semen quality, are true polygenetic traits determined by multiple gene regulatory pathways. Each individual gene contributes to the overall variation in these traits, so genetic improvements can be achieved using conventional selection methodology. In the past, a pedigree\u2010based\u2010relationship matrix was used; this is now replaced by a combination of pedigree\u2010based\u2010 and genomic\u2010relationship matrices. The heritability of reproductive traits is low to moderate, so large\u2010scale data recording is required to identify specific, selectable attributes. Male reproductive traits\u2014including ejaculate volume and sperm progressive motility\u2014are moderately heritable, and could be used in selection programs. A few high\u2010merit artificial\u2010insemination boars can impact many sow populations, so additional knowledge about male reproduction\u2014specifically pre\u2010pubertal detection of infertility and the technologies of semen cryopreservation and sex sorting\u2014should further improve global breeding efforts. Conversely, female pig reproduction is currently a limiting factor of genetic improvement. Litter size and farrowing interval are the main obstacles to increasing selection intensity and to reducing generation interval in a breeding program. Age at puberty and weaning\u2010to\u2010estrus interval can be selected for, thereby reducing the number of non\u2010productive days. The number of piglets born alive and litter weights are also reliably influenced by genetic selection. Characterization of genotype\u2010environment interactions will provide opportunities to match genetics to specific farm systems. Continued investment to understand physiological models for improved phenotyping and the development of technologies to facilitate pig embryo production for genetic selection are warranted to ensure optimal breeding in future generations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.22875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,9]],"date-time":"2017-08-09T12:12:38Z","timestamp":1502280758000},"page":"1004-1011","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Genetic control of complex traits, with a focus on reproduction in pigs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4486-6255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louisa J.","family":"Zak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Topigs Norsvin Research Center Beuningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann Helen","family":"Gaustad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norsvin Hamar Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Bolarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIM Iberica, Spain Murcia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marleen L. W. J.","family":"Broekhuijse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Topigs Norsvin Research Center Beuningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grant A.","family":"Walling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JSR Genetics Southburn Driffield East Yorkshire United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Egbert F.","family":"Knol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Topigs Norsvin Research Center Beuningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2005.02.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1989.6751230x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0118867"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Canalising selection on within litter variability of birth weight in rabbits: Responses to selection and characteristics of the uterus of the does","author":"Bolet G.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc 9th World Rabbit Congr, June"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2011.11.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-16-0313"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/rnd:19940201"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"189","article-title":"Ovum pick up in swine: The influence of aspiration vacuum pressure on oocyte recovery from preovulatory follicles","volume":"45","author":"Br\u00fcssow K.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Veterinaria Hungarica"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.1994.tb00599.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2012.02028.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/aab-59-275-2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","unstructured":"Database of animal QTL Available online at:www.animalgenome.org\/cgi\u2010bin\/QTLdb\/SS\/index"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1005048"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2014.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4141\/cjas71-018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2011.01837.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2008.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"165","article-title":"Embryonic and fetal development in different genotypes in pigs","volume":"52","author":"Ford S.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Reproduction and Fertility Supplement"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2007.04.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2016.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0980377"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar\/ilv004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-6226(00)00258-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2007.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/2004.82123458x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25838"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/1996.744750x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12711-015-0135-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/1999.773541x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep08674"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","unstructured":"Knol E. &Mathur P.(2013). Genomics\u2010based selection for reproduction and adaptation in pigs. Control of pig reproduction IX. Olsztyn Poland: Context Products Ltd Leicester. pp.317\u2013325."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/af.2016-0003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2013.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2008-0936"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/1991.6983129x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","first-page":"100","volume-title":"Genetic parameters for fertility of boars and impact of selection against boar taint","author":"Leenhouwers J.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2013-7205"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","first-page":"68","article-title":"Direct and correlated responses to selection for ovulation rate or uterine capacity in swine","volume":"78","author":"Leymaster K.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2005.05.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2006.00710.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1357729800052383"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","first-page":"227","article-title":"Genome\u2010wide selection for reproductive traits in swine","author":"McLaren D.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Control of Pig Reproduction"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/2005.835983x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.110.116590"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2012-5990"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2012-5723"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12863-016-0352-y"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","first-page":"885","article-title":"Seasonal and genotype variations in libido, semen production and quality in artificial insemination boars","volume":"4","author":"Okere C.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2008-1756"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(88)90310-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","unstructured":"Pig Ensemble database Available online at:www.ensembl.org\/info\/genome\/variation\/sources_documentation.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","first-page":"109","volume-title":"Factors affecting boar reproduction, testis function, and sperm quality","author":"Pinart E.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2015-9416"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2004.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2004.09.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","first-page":"589","volume-title":"Artificial insemination in boar reproduction","author":"Rodr\u00edguez\u2010Gil J. E.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2011.01033.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2006-507"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/2001.7992286x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/2004.82113111x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/2006.8413_supplE166x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2016.04.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2004.05.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livprodsci.2005.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/1998.762353x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2006-631"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5513\/JCEA01\/12.1.888"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/age.12028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2004.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2012-6138"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-6226(98)00182-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/2002.803553x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep16623"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3434"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod58.4.905"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2009-2555"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1987.653762x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_1","unstructured":"Ytournel F. Brunet E. Derks P. &Huisman A. (2014). Testes size as predictor for semen production of boars and relation to female reproductive traits. Proc10th World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production Vancouver BC. Vancouver."}],"container-title":["Molecular Reproduction and Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmrd.22875","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mrd.22875","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T07:09:33Z","timestamp":1694675373000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mrd.22875"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mrd.22875"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mrd.22875","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-452X","1098-2795"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-452X","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2795","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]}}}