{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:40:50Z","timestamp":1791895250516,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,25]],"date-time":"2019-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ricerca di Ateneo 2017"},{"name":"University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Reproduction Devel"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010NPs) are one of the most widely engineered nanoparticles used. The study has been focused on TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010NPs genotoxic effects on human spermatozoa in vitro. TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010NPs are able to cross the blood\u2013testis barrier induced inflammation, cytotoxicity, and gene expression changes that lead to impairment of the male reproductive system. This study presents new data about DNA damage in human sperms exposed in vitro to two n\u2010TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    concentrations (1\u2009\u00b5g\/L and 10\u2009\u00b5g\/L) for different times and the putative role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as mediators of n\u2010TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    genotoxicity. Primary n\u2010TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    characterization was performed by transmission electron microscopy. The dispersed state of the n\u2010TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    in media was spectrophotometrically determined at 0, 24, 48, and 72\u2009hr from the initial exposure. The genotoxicity has been highlighted by different experimental approaches (comet assay, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling [TUNEL] test, DCF assay, random amplification of polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction [RAPD\u2010PCR]). The comet assay showed a statistically significant loss of sperm DNA integrity after 30\u2009min of exposure. Increased threshold of sperm DNA fragmentation was highlighted after 30\u2009min of exposure by the TUNEL Test. Also, the RAPD\u2010PCR analysis showed a variation in the polymorphic profiles of the sperm DNA exposed to n\u2010TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . The evidence from the DCF assay showed a statistically significant increase in intracellular ROS linked to n\u2010TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    exposure. This research provides the evaluation of n\u2010TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    potential genotoxicity on human sperm that probably occurs through the production of intracellular ROS.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.23134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,26]],"date-time":"2019-02-26T01:04:01Z","timestamp":1551143041000},"page":"1369-1377","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["In vitro genotoxic effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (n\u2010TiO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    ) in human sperm cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Marianna","family":"Santonastaso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman Child and General and Special Surgery, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d  Napoli Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filomena","family":"Mottola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d  Caserta Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Colacurci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman Child and General and Special Surgery, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d  Napoli Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Concetta","family":"Iovine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d  Caserta Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Severina","family":"Pacifico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d  Caserta Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcella","family":"Cammarota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d  Napoli Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fulvio","family":"Cesaroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medically Assisted Procreation Center, PMA Center of Cassinate  Cassino Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6250-4798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Rocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d  Caserta Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2011.10.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2006.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(06)70651-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_5_1","first-page":"767","article-title":"Effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on viability of human spermatozoa","volume":"11","author":"Barkhordari A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1166\/jnn.2004.081"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(99)00004-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.05.107"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfda.2014.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acuroe.2014.09.006","article-title":"Fragmentation of sperm DNA using the TUNEL method","volume":"38","author":"Chenlo P. 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