{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:16:24Z","timestamp":1787062584003,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,5]],"date-time":"2019-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Region Bretagne in France","award":["13009218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13009218"]}]},{"name":"FP7 People 2013-Marie-Curie Actions-Intra-European Fellowships","award":["626272"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["626272"]}]},{"name":"Agence Nationale de Recherches","award":["ANR-13-BSV7-0015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-13-BSV7-0015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Reproduction Devel"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Oviparous vertebrates produce multiple forms of vitellogenin (Vtg), the major source of yolk nutrients, but little is known about their individual contributions to reproduction and development. This study utilized clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats\/CRISPR\u2010associated protein 9 (CRISPR\/Cas9) genome editing to assess essentiality and functionality of zebrafish (\n Danio rerio<\/jats:italic>\n ) type\u2010I and type\u2010III Vtgs. A multiple CRISPR approach was employed to knockout (KO) all genes encoding type\u2010I\n vtgs<\/jats:italic>\n (\n vtg1<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n 4<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n 5<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n 6<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n 7<\/jats:italic>\n ) simultaneously (\n vtg1<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010KO), and the type\u2010III\n vtg<\/jats:italic>\n (\n vtg3<\/jats:italic>\n ) individually (\n vtg3<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010KO). Results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) genotyping and sequencing, quantitative PCR, liquid chromatography\u2010tandem mass spectrometry, and Western blot analysis showed that only\n vtg6<\/jats:italic>\n and\n vtg7<\/jats:italic>\n escaped Cas9 editing. In fish whose remaining type\u2010I\n vtgs<\/jats:italic>\n were incapacitated (\n vtg1<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010KO), and in\n vtg3<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010KO fish, significant increases in\n Vtg7<\/jats:italic>\n transcript and protein levels occurred in liver and eggs, revealing a heretofore\u2010unknown mechanism of genetic compensation regulating Vtg homeostasis. Egg numbers per spawn were elevated more than 2\u2010fold in\n vtg1<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010KO females, and egg fertility was approximately halved in\n vtg3<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010KO females. Substantial mortality was evident in\n vtg3<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010KO eggs\/embryos after only 8\u2009hr of incubation and in\n vtg1<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010KO embryos after 5 days. Hatching rate and timing were markedly impaired in embryos from\n vtg<\/jats:italic>\n mutant mothers and pericardial and yolk sac\/abdominal edema and spinal lordosis were evident in the larvae, with feeding and motor activities also being absent in\n vtg1<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010KO larvae. By late larval stages,\n vtg<\/jats:italic>\n mutations were either completely lethal (\n vtg1<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010KO) or nearly so (\n vtg3<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010KO). These novel findings offer the first experimental evidence that different types of vertebrate Vtg are essential and have disparate requisite functions at different times during both reproduction and development.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.23231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,5]],"date-time":"2019-08-05T05:20:03Z","timestamp":1564982403000},"page":"1168-1188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Genome editing reveals reproductive and developmental dependencies on specific types of vitellogenin in zebrafish (\n Danio rerio<\/i>\n )"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"86","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7810-7487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ozlem","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INRA, UR1037, Laboratory of Fish Physiology and Genomics Campus de Beaulieu, French National Institute for Agricultural Research Rennes Cedex 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