{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T09:58:17Z","timestamp":1770890297089,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,17]],"date-time":"2019-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004920","name":"Royan Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["94000087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["94000087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004920","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Reproduction Devel"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Failed oocyte activation has been observed in unexplained infertile (UI) and asthenoteratozoospermic (AT) men. The deficiency of phospholipase C\u2010zeta (PLC\u03b6) could be a possible reason for such failures and has not been studied yet. We investigated the expression and localization of PLC\u03b6 protein in the sperms of patients with UI and AT conditions. The relationships between PLC\u03b6\u2010related parameters with male age, sperm characteristics, DNA integrity, and cellular maturity were assessed. Semen samples were collected from fertile (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200940), UI (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200940), and AT (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200940) men. Subsequently, semen analysis, DNA fragmentation, hyaluronic acid\u2010binding ability, and PLC\u03b6 level along with its distribution were evaluated using computer\u2010assisted sperm analyzer, sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA), hyaluronic acid\u2010binding assay (HBA), western blot analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy, respectively. Unlike SCSA, the values of HBA, and PLC\u03b6 expression were significantly reduced in UI and AT patients compared to fertile men, whereas no significant differences were observed among the experimental groups in terms of PLC\u03b6 localization patterns. The regression analysis also showed that HBA is the only variable associated with PLC\u03b6 levels. Furthermore, the correlation of male age with PLC\u03b6 localization in postacrosomal, equatorial, and acrosomal+postacrosomal+equatorial (A+PA+E) patterns, as well as the relation of normal morphology, with the (A+PA+E) pattern, remained in the regression model. Our findings indicated that reduced PLC\u03b6 level along with the increased DNA fragmentation and impaired maturation may be possible etiologies of decreased fertilization in the studied subjects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.23293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,18]],"date-time":"2019-11-18T03:59:13Z","timestamp":1574049553000},"page":"115-123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["The alteration of PLC\u03b6 protein expression in unexplained infertile and asthenoteratozoospermic patients: A potential effect on sperm fertilization ability"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5828-8172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pegah","family":"Rahimizadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology University of Science and Culture  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine ACECR  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6572-6636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tohid Rezaei","family":"Topraggaleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1983-3435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Hossein","family":"Nasr\u2010Esfahani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology ACECR  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6303-5599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niloofar","family":"Ziarati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine ACECR  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9145-6155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahab","family":"Mirshahvaladi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology ACECR  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8179-9947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vahid","family":"Esmaeili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine ACECR  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4791-5350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soroush","family":"Seifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine ACECR  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Poopak","family":"Eftekhari\u2010Yazdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine ACECR  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9615-4586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdolhossein","family":"Shahverdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine ACECR  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine ACECR  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5200991"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"178","article-title":"Oligoasthenoteratozoospermic (OAT) men display altered phospholipase C \u03b6 (PLC\u03b6) localization and a lower percentage of sperm cells expressing PLC\u03b6 and post\u2010acrosomal sheath WW domain\u2010binding protein (PAWP)","volume":"18","author":"Azad N.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical 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