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In mammals, cyst break down (CBD) ends at the time of, or soon after, birth with the formation of primordial follicles enclosing single oocytes, which constitute the sole reservoir of gametes available through the whole female's reproductive life. In this study, we challenge this paradigm demonstrating the constitutive presence of a large number of cysts, enclosing two\u2010thirty GCs, in the ovary of the adult armadillo <jats:italic>Chaetophractus villosus<\/jats:italic>, belonging to the superorder Xenarthra, one of the earliest offshoots among placentals. We also describe that (a) GCs enclosed within cysts are connected by intercellular bridges\u2014intercellular bridges\u2014markers of their clonal origin; (b) CBD occurs through four main phases, ending with primordial follicles containing single oocytes; (c) GCs encompass meiotic prophase I stages, from leptotene to diplotene; (d) seasonal variations in the number of GCs enclosed within cysts, suggesting the presence of a GC multiplying activity. The armadillo <jats:italic>C. villosus<\/jats:italic>''s ovary emerges as an extraordinary resource to investigate folliculogenesis and to explore the evolutionary past of the mammalian ovary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.23296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,21]],"date-time":"2019-11-21T06:34:50Z","timestamp":1574318090000},"page":"91-101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Germ cell cysts, a fetal feature in mammals, are constitutively present in the adult armadillo"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Luis Francisco","family":"Rossi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda Cromos\u00f3mica, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina"},{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Nottola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics University of Rome La Sapienza Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Selenia","family":"Miglietta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics University of Rome La Sapienza Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Macchiarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences University of L'aquila L'aquila Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan Pablo","family":"Luaces","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda Cromos\u00f3mica, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina"},{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Merico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Biotechnology \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani,\u201d University of Pavia Pavia Italy"},{"name":"Centre for Health Technology University of Pavia Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Merani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda Cromos\u00f3mica, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina"},{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Garagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Biotechnology \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani,\u201d University of Pavia Pavia Italy"},{"name":"Centre for Health Technology University of Pavia Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4648-0663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurizio","family":"Zuccotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Biotechnology \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani,\u201d University of Pavia Pavia Italy"},{"name":"Centre for Health Technology University of Pavia Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1090940210"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.200900053"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.2.2.213","article-title":"The fine structure of oogonia and oocytes in human ovaries","volume":"2","author":"Baker T. 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