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However, little is known how this condition affects the proteomic composition of the epididymal fluid. In the present study, we evaluated the proteomic changes in the cauda epididymal fluid (CEF) in a swine model of secondary hypogonadism induced by anti\u2010GnRH immunization using multidimensional protein identification technology. Seven hundred and eighteen proteins were identified in both GnRH\u2010immunized and control groups. GnRH immunization doubled the number of proteins in the CEF, with 417 proteins being found exclusively in samples from GnRH\u2010immunized boars. CEF from GnRH\u2010immunized boars presented an increase in the number of proteins related to cellular and metabolic processes, with affinity to organic cyclic compounds, small molecules, and heterocyclic compounds, as well changed the enzymatic profile of the CEF. Also, a significant increase in the number of proteins associated to the ubiquitin\u2013proteasome system was identified in CEF from GnRH\u2010immunized animals. These results bring strong evidence of the impact of secondary hypogonadism on the epididymal environment, which is responsible for sperm maturation and storage prior ejaculation. Finally, the differently expressed proteins in the CEF are putative seminal biomarkers for testicular and epididymal disorders caused by secondary hypogonadism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.23408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]],"date-time":"2020-08-04T14:15:48Z","timestamp":1596550548000},"page":"952-965","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Changes in porcine cauda epididymal fluid proteome by disrupting the HPT axis: Unveiling potential mechanisms of male infertility"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Ana P. 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