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These conditions are collectively termed \u201cAsherman syndrome\u201d (AS) and are typically associated with recurrent induced pregnancy terminations, repeated diagnostic curettage and intrauterine infections. Cancer treatment also has unexpected detrimental side effects on endometrial function in survivors independently of ovarian effects. Endometrial stem cells act in the regeneration of the endometrium and in repair through direct differentiation or paracrine effects. Nonendometrial adult stem cells, such as bone marrow\u2010derived mesenchymal stem cells and umbilical cord\u2010derived mesenchymal stem cells, with autologous and allogenic applications, can also repair injured endometrial tissue in animal models of AS and in human studies. However, there remains a lack of research on the repair of the damaged endometrium after the reversal of tumors, especially endometrial cancers. Here, we review the biological mechanisms of endometrial regeneration, and research progress and challenges for adult stem cell therapy for damaged endometrium, and discuss the potential applications of their use for endometrial repair after cancer remission, especially in endometrial cancers. Successful application of such cells will improve reproductive parameters in patients with AS or cancer. Significance: The endometrium is the fertile ground for embryos, but damage to the endometrium will greatly impair female fertility. Adult stem cells combined with tissue engineering scaffold materials or not have made great progress in repairing the injured endometrium due to benign lesions. However, due to the lack of research on the repair of the damaged endometrium caused by malignant tumors or tumor therapies, the safety and effectiveness of such stem cell\u2010based therapies need to be further explored. This review focuses on the molecular insights and clinical application potential of adult stem cells in endometrial regeneration and discusses the possible challenges or difficulties that need to be overcome in stem cell\u2010based therapies for tumor survivors. The development of adult stem cell\u2010related new programs will help repair damaged endometrium safely and effectively and meet fertility needs in tumor survivors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.23476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T13:34:24Z","timestamp":1621517664000},"page":"379-394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Adult stem cells in endometrial regeneration: Molecular insights and clinical applications"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Qiaoying","family":"Lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lulu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuezhen","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0096662"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0412.2001.801103.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","first-page":"79","article-title":"Effect of normal endometrial stroma on growth and differentiation in Ishikawa endometrial adenocarcinoma cells","volume":"62","author":"Arnold J. 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