{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T02:08:18Z","timestamp":1791338898212,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000593","name":"Society for Reproduction and Fertility","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Reproduction Devel"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Across mammalian species, it has been demonstrated that sex influences birth weight, with males being heavier than females; a characteristic that can be observed from early gestation. Male piglets are more likely to be stillborn and have greater preweaning mortality than their female littermates, despite the additional maternal investment into male fetal growth. Given the conserved nature of the genome between the sexes, it is hypothesized that these developmental differences between males and females are most likely orchestrated by differential placental adaptation. This review summarizes the current understanding of fetal sex\u2010specific differences in placental and endometrial structure and function, with an emphasis on pathways found to be differentially regulated in the pig including angiogenesis, apoptosis, and proliferation. Given the importance of piglet sex in agricultural enterprises, and the potential for skewed litter sex ratios, it is imperative to improve understanding of the relationship between fetal sex and molecular signaling in both the placenta and endometria across gestation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.23573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T04:24:20Z","timestamp":1650860660000},"page":"684-696","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Sexual dimorphism in placental development and function: Comparative physiology with an emphasis on the pig"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"90","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8302-7900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Stenhouse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science Texas A&amp;M University College Station Texas USA"},{"name":"Functional Genetics and Development Division, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies University of Edinburgh Midlothian UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5823-5086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fuller W.","family":"Bazer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science Texas A&amp;M University College Station Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheryl J.","family":"Ashworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Genetics and Development Division, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies University of Edinburgh Midlothian UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029\u20107844(00)00895\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0967199400002100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030318"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diff.2013.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"910","article-title":"Uteroferrin: A progesterone\u2010induced hematopoietic growth factor of uterine origin","volume":"19","author":"Bazer F.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Experimental Hematology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2021.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biolreprod\/81.s1.40"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0913843107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2012.733770"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod55.5.1098"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719114542028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032\u2010021\u201000750\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gau035"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)68096-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/sky290"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0018\u2010506x(78)90023\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2014.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.2000.9767"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.1010317"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2012.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365\u20102559.2001.01065.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031\u20109384(91)90038\u2010P"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031\u20109384(92)90077\u2010F"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0018-506X(78)90023-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2009.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc883"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.112.172148.perinatal"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079233"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20100897.2009.00792.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12266"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2006.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1550\u20108579(07)80004\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.1996.0096"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/1997.7582192x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/JRF.0.1150097"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod26.4.729"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1986.623706x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1984.5951303x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","first-page":"44","article-title":"Sex of siblings may influence reproductive performance in sows","volume":"299","author":"Edgerton L. A.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Animal Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169\u2010409X(99)00003\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20995"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0960709"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","first-page":"537","article-title":"Is oncofetal fibronectin a trophoblast glue for human implantation?","volume":"138","author":"Feinberg R. F.","year":"1991","journal-title":"The American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.116.139857"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.10.033.Programmed"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2042\u20106410\u20104\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E05\u201002\u20100170"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471\u20100528.2004.00308.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000161570"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293\u2010018\u20100165\u2010y"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","first-page":"111","article-title":"Sex ratio in litters of domestic pigs (Sus scrofa f. domestica Linnaeus, 1758)","volume":"40","author":"G\u00f3recki M. T.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biology Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104\u2010021\u201000567\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/plac.1999.0442"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2008.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495\u2010010\u20100551\u20103"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","first-page":"56","article-title":"Influence of base litter sex ratio of gilts on their subsequent reproductive performances","volume":"74","author":"Huhn R.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Zuchtungskunde"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u2010065X.2006.00436.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.07.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143\u20104004(99)80018\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.20496"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470\u20100328(03)00022\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.1995.1105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.119176"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.102.012641"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas2014\u20107762"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pgp.0000225838.29127.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978\u20103\u2010030\u201077360\u20101_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2049\u20101891\u20105\u201056"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.103.020651"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2016.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293\u2010017\u20100138\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.11.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","first-page":"521","article-title":"The evaluation of selected indices of apoptosis in placentas from pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction","volume":"78","author":"Karowicz\u2010Bili\u0144ska A.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ginekologia Polska"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.10389"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.1989.tb00114.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1988.663595x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.171305398"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106139"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.112906"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_82_1","first-page":"178","article-title":"The role of apoptosis in preeclampsia","volume":"7","author":"Levy R.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Israel Medical Association Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.2000.278.5.C982"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2012.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0143\u20104004(95)90086\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/plac.1999.0399"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2013.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010019\u201053199\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09872"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0056933"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.103.015198"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_92_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"Expression of \u03b15\u03b21 integrin and fibronectin during early pregnancy in pigs","volume":"51","author":"Rashev P.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Folia Biologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_93_1","first-page":"2513","article-title":"Role of uteroferrin in transplacental iron transport in the pig","volume":"45","author":"Roberts R. M.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Federation Proceedings"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1591(90)90034-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/1990.681179x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2015\u20101227"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149\u20107634(02)00038\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2013.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.19.11522"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555\u2010005\u20105130\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/sky151"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002\u20109378(97)70081\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0508035103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioy184"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP\u201018\u20100520"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2018.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioz068"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/RD17298"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2005\u20100003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.21145"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0739\u20107240(94)00019\u2010W"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.112.100222"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2003.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10520295.2017.1374465"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2015.01.484"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152689"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0018\u2010506X(86)90016\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031\u20109384(83)90162\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_120_1","volume-title":"House mouse aggression","author":"vom Saal F.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod19.4.842"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7367881"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_123_1","first-page":"893","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of reproduction","author":"vom Saal F.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0620033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod43.5.751"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP\u201006\u20100068"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2016.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/1992.7092787x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000023382"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.105.043190"}],"container-title":["Molecular Reproduction and Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mrd.23573","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mrd.23573","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mrd.23573","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T15:05:40Z","timestamp":1694099140000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mrd.23573"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]]},"references-count":129,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mrd.23573"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mrd.23573","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-452X","1098-2795"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-452X","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2795","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-01-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-04-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-04-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}