{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T21:33:56Z","timestamp":1789594436414,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008114","name":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008114","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Reproduction Devel"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pig represents the only livestock mammal capable of producing a functional protein for the second mammalian form of gonadotropin\u2010releasing hormone (GnRH\u2010II) and its receptor (GnRHR\u2010II). To examine the role of GnRH\u2010II and its receptor in pig reproduction, we produced a unique swine line with ubiquitous knockdown of endogenous GnRHR\u2010II levels (GnRHR\u2010II knockdown\u00a0[KD]), which is largely the focus of this review. In mature GnRHR\u2010II KD males, circulating testosterone concentrations were 82% lower than littermate control boars, despite similar luteinizing hormone (LH) levels. In addition, nine other gonadal steroids were reduced in the serum of GnRHR\u2010II KD boars, whereas adrenal steroids (except 11\u2010deoxycortisol) did not differ between lines. Interestingly, testes from GnRHR\u2010II KD males had fewer, hypertrophic Leydig cells and fewer, enlarged seminiferous tubules than control testes. As expected, downstream reproductive traits such as androgen\u2010dependent organ weights and semen characteristics were also significantly reduced in GnRHR\u2010II KD versus control boars. Next, we explored the importance of this novel ligand\/receptor complex in female reproduction. Transgenic gilts had fewer, but heavier, corpora lutea with smaller luteal cells than littermate control females. Although the number of antral follicles were similar between lines, the diameter of antral follicles tended to be larger in GnRHR\u2010II KD females. In regard to steroidogenesis, circulating concentrations of progesterone and 17\u03b2\u2010estradiol were lower in transgenic compared to control gilts, even though serum levels of follicle\u2010stimulating hormone and LH were similar. Thus, GnRH\u2010II and GnRHR\u2010II represent a potential avenue to enhance fertility and promote the profitability of pork producers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.23662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T19:39:23Z","timestamp":1671651563000},"page":"469-479","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Role of gonadotropin\u2010releasing hormone\u2010II and its receptor in swine reproduction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Brett R.","family":"White","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science University of Nebraska\u2010Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca A.","family":"Cederberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science University of Nebraska\u2010Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothy H.","family":"Elsken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science University of Nebraska\u2010Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlin E.","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science University of Nebraska\u2010Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clay A.","family":"Lents","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture U. 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Meat Animal Research Center Clay Center Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy T.","family":"Desaulniers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Nebraska\u2010Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0093-691x(98)00009-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0590155"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2006-235"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2016.04.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1987.6541027x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-015-0033-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1147"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","unstructured":"Desaulniers A. T.(2018).Gonadotropin\u2010releasing hormone II and its receptor are critical regulators of steroidogenesis within porcine leydig cells[PhD Dissertation University of Nebraska\u2010Lincoln]."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","unstructured":"Desaulniers A. T. Carreiro E. P. Cederberg R. A. Lents C. A. &White B. R.(2017a). Testis composition and steroidogenic protein abundance in GnRH\u2010II receptor knockdown boars. In:Abstracts of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Society for the Study of Reproduction.\u00a0July 13\u201316 2017;\u00a0Washington DC\u00a0(p. 41)."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skz122.217"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7555\/jbr.34.20200111"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/sky073.098"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2017.00269"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","unstructured":"Desaulniers A. T. Cederberg R. A. Lents C. A. &White B. R.(2017c). Knockdown of the GnRH\u2010II receptor in the porcine testis impairs the biosynthesis of 10 gonadal steroids. In:\u00a0Abstracts of the 50th\u00a0Annual Meeting of the Society for the Study of Reproduction July 13\u201316 2017; Washington DC\u00a0(p. 275)."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/RDv29n1Ab5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","unstructured":"Desaulniers A. T. Cederberg R. A. Lents C. A. &White B. R.(2020b). Luteinizing hormone secretion in GnRHR\u2010II knockdown boars. In:Abstracts of the Virtual Meeting of the Society for the Study of Reproduction July 8\u201312 2020.\u00a0Abstract 2348."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.115.128082"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","unstructured":"Desaulniers A. T. Cederberg R. A. Mills G. A. Lents C. A. &White B. R.(2015b). A putative role for GnRH\u2010II and its receptor in spermatogenic function of boars. 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M.(2013).Isolation of the gonadotropin\u2010releasing hormone II receptor within the testis of the pig[MS Thesis University of Nebraska\u2010Lincoln]."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.106.000448"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.1.305"}],"container-title":["Molecular Reproduction and Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mrd.23662","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mrd.23662","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/am-pdf\/10.1002\/mrd.23662","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mrd.23662","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T19:07:31Z","timestamp":1694113651000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mrd.23662"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mrd.23662"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mrd.23662","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-452X","1098-2795"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-452X","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2795","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-06-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}