{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T14:19:05Z","timestamp":1777299545530,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Reproduction Devel"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Sexual differentiation in amphibians involves dynamic coordination between germ cells, somatic tissues, and gene expression. However, post\u2010metamorphic gonadal maturation and sex\u2010specific transcriptional programs underlying it remain poorly characterized. In this study, pre\u2010pubertal gonadal development was analyzed in\n                    <jats:italic>Xenopus tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    by integrating morphological, histological, and gene expression analyses. Froglets were sampled weekly from one until 8 weeks post\u2010metamorphosis. Morphometric and histological assessments revealed progressive gonadal maturation in both sexes. In males, testicular growth correlated with body size, whereas in females, ovarian development occurred independently of somatic parameters. Expression profiling of 12 genes showed sex\u2010specific mRNA patterns:\n                    <jats:italic>cyp17<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>amh<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>amhr2<\/jats:italic>\n                    displayed a male\u2010biased expression correlated with testicular development, while\n                    <jats:italic>aldh1a2<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>ddx4<\/jats:italic>\n                    were preferentially upregulated in females and associated with ovarian growth and follicular oocyte number.\n                    <jats:italic>Id4<\/jats:italic>\n                    declined in females but remained stable in males, reflecting, together with\n                    <jats:italic>ddx4<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression, distinct pregametogenesis and germline maintenance strategies. Opposite regulation of\n                    <jats:italic>aldh1a2<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>cyp26b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    supported a transient meiotic wave in females versus its basal maintenance in males. Multivariate and network analyses highlighted\n                    <jats:italic>dmrt1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>amhr2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>cyp17<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>esr1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>ddx4<\/jats:italic>\n                    as potential nodes of sex\u2010specific regulatory networks. These findings reveal post\u2010metamorphic, sex\u2010specific transcriptional programs, and provide integrated molecular and histological endpoints for studies on vertebrate sex differentiation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.70098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T11:22:18Z","timestamp":1775474538000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sex\u2010Specific Gene Expression Ontogeny During Gonadal Development in Post\u2010Metamorphic\n                    <i>Xenopus tropicalis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7197-6196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Marini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organismal Biology Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Perugia Perugia 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