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This paper discusses methodological difficulties contributing to this lack of knowledge, and provides an overview of what is known about the epidemiology of developmental disabilities in low\u2010income countries. At least some forms of developmental disability appear to be more common in low\u2010income countries than in wealthier countries, despite the probability of higher mortality among children with disabilities in low\u2010income countries. For example, most studies of severe mental retardation in low\u2010income countries report prevalences greater than 5 per 1,000 children, while prevalence estimates from industrialized countries are consistently below this. Major risk factors for developmental disabilities in some low\u2010income countries include specific genetic diseases, a higher frequency of births to older mothers, consanguinity, and specific micronutrient deficiencies and infections. Trauma and toxic exposures are also important risk factors, but their contributions to the etiology of developmental disabilities in low\u2010income countries are not well documented. Though many of the causes of developmental disabilities are understood and preventable, proven methods of prevention are not being fully implemented in developing countries. Epidemiologic studies are needed to raise awareness of the public health impacts of developmental disabilities in low\u2010income countries and to provide a basis for setting priorities and designing efficient interventions. MRDD Research Reviews 2002;8:206\u2013211. \u00a9 2002 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrdd.10039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,8]],"date-time":"2002-10-08T18:58:31Z","timestamp":1034103511000},"page":"206-211","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":185,"title":["The epidemiology of developmental disabilities in low\u2010income countries"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Maureen","family":"Durkin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199911113412001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.93.3.399"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000472414"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009883"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9926(199612)54:6<273::AID-TERA1>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","series-title":"Statistics on Special Population Groups","volume-title":"Development of statistics of disabled persons: case studies","author":"Chamie M","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Neurological, Psychiatric and Developmental Disorders: Meeting the Challenge in the Developing World","author":"Committee on Nervous System Disorders in Developing Countries","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"285","article-title":"[Protein\u2010calorie malnutrition and psychological development in the child]. 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