{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T16:43:52Z","timestamp":1791305032534,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,26]],"date-time":"2002-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1038268800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":329,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Improved survival in preterm infants has broadened interest in cognitive and neuropsychological outcomes. The incidence of major disabilities (moderate\/severe mental retardation, neurosensory disorders, epilepsy, cerebral palsy) has remained consistent, but high prevalence\/low severity dysfunctions (learning disabilities, ADHD, borderline mental retardation, specific neuropsychological deficits, behavioral disorders) have increased. The follow\u2010up literature contains methodologic problems that make generalizations regarding outcome difficult, and these are discussed. Although mean IQs of former VLBW infants generally are in the low average range and are 3\u20139 points below normal birth weight peers, these scores mask subtle deficits in: visual\u2010motor and visual\u2010perceptual abilities, complex language functions, academics (reading, mathematics, spelling and writing), and attentional skills. There is an increased incidence of non\u2010verbal learning disabilities, need for special educational assistance, and behavioral disorders in children born prematurely. Males have more problems, and there is a trend for worsening outcome over time, due to emergence of more subtle deficits in response to increased performance demands. In addition to IQ and achievement testing in follow\u2010up, there should be evaluation of executive functions and attention, language, sensorimotor functions, visuospatial processes, memory and learning, and behavioral adjustment. MRDD Research Reviews 2002;8:234\u2013240. \u00a9 2002 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrdd.10043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,2]],"date-time":"2002-12-02T14:02:33Z","timestamp":1038837753000},"page":"234-240","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":345,"title":["Cognitive and neuropsychological outcomes: More than IQ scores"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Glen P.","family":"Aylward","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001163-199004000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-199206000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/27.1.37"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Who goes and who stays: Subject loss in a multicenter, longitudinal follow\u2010up study","volume":"6","author":"Aylward GP","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Dev Beh Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(89)80273-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"275","volume-title":"The psychological development of low birthweight children: advances in applied developmental psychology","author":"Barksley VE","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.51.6.1173"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-0005(97)80063-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1989.tb04080.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036191"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1994.02170040043007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116908"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Children's Memory Scale","author":"Cohen MJ","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1995.02170140033005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"California Verbal Learning Test\u2010Children","author":"Delis DC","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/jcen.21.6.851.859"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.70.5.670","article-title":"Babies at couble hazard: Early development of infants at biologic and social risk","volume":"70","author":"Escalona SK","year":"1982","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01688639208402847"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.54.1.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-199904000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"The Gordon Diagnostic System","author":"Gordon M","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1998.tb15365.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"T. O.V.A. Test of Variables of Attention","author":"Greenberg LM","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3782(98)00052-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.15.1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","first-page":"176","volume-title":"Long term developmental outcome of low birthweight infants. The Future of Children, 5","author":"Hack M","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.3.554"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.91.4.807","article-title":"Extremely low birth weight children and their peers: A comparison of preschool performance","volume":"91","author":"Halsey CL","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1996.02170330016003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)83290-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3782(00)00105-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1998.tb06221.x","article-title":"The contribution of neighborhood and family income to developmental test scores over the first three years of life","volume":"69","author":"Kato Klebanov P","year":"1998","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.99.3.383"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"NEPSY","author":"Korkman M","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.33.6.1040"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(93)90046-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0911-6044(99)00016-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/19.1.63"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-199704000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1989.03420120105035","article-title":"Long\u2010term follow\u2010up of infants discharged from neonatal intensive care units","volume":"261","author":"McCormick MC","year":"1989","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.99.2.249"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.99.6.869"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)82415-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09297049508400227"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1993.tb11576.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-200102000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1996.tb15048.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11943.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(16)36580-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.2.308"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(92)90095-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)82835-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1992.tb11455.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540060029031"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.2.325"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.2.407"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00091"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","volume-title":"Examiner's manual","author":"Semel E","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","volume-title":"Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning. Administration manual","author":"Sheslow D","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02692194"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1996.tb15049.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(98)70037-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1990.tb08117.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Attention deficits in children with < 750 gram birth weight","volume":"4","author":"Taylor HG","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dev Neuropsychol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15326942DN1703_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00242"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-0005(97)80064-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.6.1216"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-199810000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.77.2.F85"}],"container-title":["Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmrdd.10043","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mrdd.10043","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,19]],"date-time":"2023-11-19T12:25:46Z","timestamp":1700396746000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mrdd.10043"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mrdd.10043"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mrdd.10043","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1080-4013","1098-2779"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1080-4013","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2779","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]}}}