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Research points to behavioral development occurring across the full spectrum of disability but influenced by mental retardation syndrome and the acquisition of pivotal skills. However, engagement in household and community activities has been found to be strongly related to individual adaptive behavior. People with more severe mental retardation are vulnerable to leading lives characterized by underoccupation and lack of community involvement. Moving from institutional to community\u2010based residential services may be accompanied by significant increases in adaptive behavior, but a plateau effect on subsequent development has also been reported. There is substantial evidence to suggest that key aspects of effective teaching technology may be absent in community\u2010based residential environments. Community settings support greater engagement in household and community activities than institutions. Ordinary housing stock and normative architecture and standards of material enrichment are to be preferred. The use of normative housing constrains group living to relatively small scale, but there is little evidence that smaller size within this range is to be preferred to larger size. There is little evidence to suggest that higher staff\u2010to\u2010resident ratios lead to uniformly better outcomes, but staff orientation, working methods, and performance are important influences. Little is known about what precise characteristics of community location give rise to greater community integration. MRDD Research Reviews 7:75\u201383, 2001. \u00a9 2001 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrdd.1011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,25]],"date-time":"2002-08-25T20:40:11Z","timestamp":1030308011000},"page":"75-83","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Living with support in a home in the community: Predictors of behavioral development and household and community activity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Felce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Emerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-4222(97)00006-1","article-title":"Picture activity schedules and engagement of adults with mental retardation in a group home","volume":"18","author":"Anderson MD","year":"1997","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"428","article-title":"Behavioral research on severe and profound mental retardation","volume":"81","author":"Berkson G","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Ment Defic"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-4222(91)90002-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"1994 Ashgate Aldershot UK P Cambridge L Hayes M Knapp Care in the community: five years on"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"The small ICF\/MR program: dimensions of quality and cost","volume":"34","author":"Conroy JW","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ment Retard"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"117","volume-title":"Deinstitutionalization and community living: intellectual disability services in Britain, Scandinavia and the USA","author":"Conroy JW","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.1995.tb00568.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"219","article-title":"The deinstitutionalization of St. Nicholas Hospital. 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