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Other studies in animals have shown that recurring seizures result in dendritic spine loss. This change, coupled with a down\u2010regulation in NMDA receptor subunit expression, suggests that repetitive seizures may interrupt the normal development of glutamatergic synaptic transmission. We hypothesize that homeostatic, neuroprotective processes are induced by recurring early\u2010life seizures. These processes, by diminishing glutamatergic synaptic transmission, are aimed at preventing the continuation of seizures. However, by preventing the normal development of glutamatergic synapses, and particularly NMDA receptor\u2010mediated synaptic transmission, such homeostatic processes also reduce synaptic plasticity and diminish the ability of neuronal circuits to learn and store memories. MRDD Research Reviews 2004;10:96\u2013100. \u00a9 2004 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrdd.20018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,14]],"date-time":"2004-09-14T08:22:02Z","timestamp":1095150122000},"page":"96-100","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["The effects of seizures on the connectivity and circuitry of the developing brain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"John W.","family":"Swann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-1211(96)01010-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/seiz.2000.0503"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02518"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.13-07-02801.1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00733601"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"1305","volume-title":"Epilepsy: A comprehensive textbook","author":"Camfield P","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.43.s.3.3.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10789"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(91)90003-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-1211(88)90056-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2338","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1993.tb07482.x","article-title":"Botulinum A like type B and tetanus toxins fulfills criteria for being a zinc\u2010dependent protease","volume":"61","author":"De Paiva A","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/9165"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-21-08900.1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19970728)384:2<165::AID-CNE1>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(90)90093-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1987.58.5.1052","article-title":"Spontaneous ictal\u2010like discharges and sustained depolarization shifts in the developing rat neocortex","volume":"58","author":"Hablitz JJ","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.12-07-02685.1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"431","volume-title":"Progress in brain research","author":"Hermann BP"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440602"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1218"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19971020)387:2<167::AID-CNE1>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/110.2.517"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-20-08356.1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0953-816X.2003.03152.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-04-01328.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2004.69103.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(01)00180-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-1211(91)90007-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002109900126"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","first-page":"71","article-title":"Recurrent seizures in infant rats produced spatial learning deficits without a substantial loss of hippocampal pyramidal cells","volume":"107","author":"Lee CL","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)00127-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","unstructured":"LeeCL SwannJW.2003.Seizure\u2010induced long term dysreglation of glutamate receptor expression. 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