{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T23:36:33Z","timestamp":1792280193708,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,22]],"date-time":"2002-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1019433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), it is known that physiological influences such as cardiac pulsation, respiration, and brain motion can induce fluctuations in signal intensity and phase. Some of the mechanisms potentially involved in those phenomena are expected to be amplified at higher magnetic fields. This study addresses the issue of<jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>fluctuations induced by susceptibility changes during respiration attributed to movements of chest and diaphragm, and variations in the oxygen concentration. It is demonstrated that respiration\u2010induced resonance offsets (RIROs) are significant at 7T. Data were acquired with an RF pulse (no gradients), multislice echo\u2010planar imaging (EPI), and dynamic 3D fast low\u2010angle shot (3D\u2010 FLASH) imaging. Three main observations summarize the experimental findings. First, in FIDs measured after a single RF pulse, a RIRO with a large amplitude was consistently detected, although the average amplitude varied between subjects from 1.45 Hz to 4 Hz. Second, in transverse EPI images obtained in the occipital lobe, the RIRO amplitude showed a monotonic increase along the<jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>axis toward the lungs. Third, a more detailed spatial analysis with 3D\u2010FLASH phase maps revealed that a previously published analytical model can accurately describe the spatial distribution of RIRO. Consequential apparent motions in the EPI series, as well as the implications of slice orientation for correction strategies are discussed. Magn Reson Med 47:888\u2013895, 2002. \u00a9 2002 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,25]],"date-time":"2002-08-25T23:24:15Z","timestamp":1030317855000},"page":"888-895","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":236,"title":["Respiration\u2010induced<i>B<\/i><sub>0<\/sub>fluctuations and their spatial distribution in the human brain at 7 Tesla"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Pierre\u2010Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Van de Moortele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josef","family":"Pfeuffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary H.","family":"Glover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamil","family":"Ugurbil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoping","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1999.0474"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1080"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1213"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1156"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","unstructured":"WeisskoffRM BakerJ BelliveauJ DavisTL KwongKK CohenMS RosenBR.Power spectrum analysis of functional\u2010weighted MR data: What's in the noise?In: Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of SMRM New York 1993. p7."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","unstructured":"JezzardP LeBihanD CuenodC PannierL PrinsterA TurnerR.An investigation of the contribution of physiological noise in human functional MRI studies at 1.5 Tesla and 4 Tesla. 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