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The effects result from a shortening of the water proton <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> relaxation time due to the presence of unchelated paramagnetic Mn<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> ions, which access the brain by systemic circulation and crossing of the blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB). A pronounced Mn<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010induced signal enhancement was first seen in structures without a BBB, such as the choroid plexus, pituitary gland, and pineal gland. Within 24 hr after administration, Mn<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> contrast highlighted the olfactory bulb, inferior colliculi, cerebellum, and the CA3 subfield of the hippocampus. The affinity of Mn<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> to various brain systems suggests the neuronal uptake of Mn<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> ions from the extracellular space and subsequent axonal transport. Thus, at least part of the Mn<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> contrast reflects a functional brain response of behaving animals, for example, in the olfactory system. In vivo MRI staining of the brain by systemic administration of MnCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> may contribute to phenotyping mutant mice with morphologic and functional alterations of the central nervous system. Magn Reson Med 48:852\u2013859, 2002. \u00a9 2002 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,5]],"date-time":"2002-11-05T14:07:43Z","timestamp":1036505263000},"page":"852-859","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["In vivo 3D MRI staining of mouse brain after subcutaneous application of MnCl<sub>2<\/sub>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Takashi","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Natt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susann","family":"Boretius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Frahm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Michaelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1994.1007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"674","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of the normal mouse brain","volume":"45","author":"Munasinghe JP","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.2000.tb00223.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5200606"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0934"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","unstructured":"NattO WatanabeT BoretiusS MichaelisT FrahmJ.In vivo high\u2010resolution MRI of mouse brain at low field (2.35 T). 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