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The <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> relaxation was multiexponential, indicating the multicompartmental nature of <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> decay in nerve tissue. The size of the short, observed <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> component correlated very well with quantitative assessment of myelin using computer\u2010assisted histopathological image analysis of myelin. Specifically, the size of the short <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> component reflected the processes of myelin loss and remyelination accompanying Wallerian degeneration and regeneration following trauma. However, it represented all myelin present in the sample and did not distinguish between intact myelin and myelin debris. Other changes in <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> spectra were also observed and could be correlated with axonal loss and inflammation. The study also questions the validity of previously offered interpretations of <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> spectra of nerve. 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