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During hyperventilation the flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery decreased significantly and the EEG showed a marked increase in slow activity. <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H NMR spectra revealed an increase in cerebral lactate concentration. <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P NMR spectra showed no changes in ATP or PCr peak heights, but a shift toward tissue alkalosis was derived from changes in <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub> chemical shift. During subsequent recovery, lactate concentration decreased and a slight intracellular acidosis was detected. In three experiments broadening of the lactate resonance peak resulted in separation into two components at 1.32 and 1.48 ppm, in which the latter signal possibly arose from alanine. \u00a9 1989 Academic press. 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