{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:29:27Z","timestamp":1791235767440,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,18]],"date-time":"2005-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1132272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4249,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We report NMR diffusion measurements of water in three central nervous system models, namely the nonmyelinated olfactory, and the myelinated trigeminal and optic nerves of the spotted and long\u2010nosed garfish. A similar degree of anisotropy of the average diffusion coefficients (\n                    <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>NMR<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) is observed for all three freshly excised nerve types (\n                    <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>NMR<\/jats:sub>\n                    parallel)\/\n                    <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>NMR<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010(perpendicular) is 3.6 \u00b1 1.2, 3.2 \u00b1 0.9, and 2.6 \u00b1 0.4 for the olfactory, trigeminal, and optic nerves, respectively). The anisotropy of DNHR for the nonmyelinated olfactory nerve argues strongly that myelin is not a necessary determinant of diffusional anisotropy in ordered axonal systems (even though it may contribute when present). Garfish nerves treated with vinblastine, in order to depolymerize microtubules and inhibit fast axonal transport, also exhibit diffusional anisotropy {\n                    <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>NMR<\/jats:sub>\n                    (parallel)\/\n                    <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>NMR<\/jats:sub>\n                    (perpendicular) is 2.6 \u00b1 0.4,2.8 \u00b1 0.8, and 2.2 \u00b1 0.7 for the olfactory, trigeminal, and optic nerves, respectively) thus excluding a significant role for microtubules and fast axonal transport in that observed anisotropy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910310408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,5]],"date-time":"2007-03-05T13:19:29Z","timestamp":1173100769000},"page":"394-400","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":529,"title":["Determinants of anisotropic water diffusion in nerves"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Beaulieu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter S.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.176.2.2367658"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.177.2.2217776"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199111000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.159.3.1503032"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","first-page":"287","volume-title":"From Neuron to Brain: A Cellular and Molecular Approach to the Function of the Nervous System","author":"Nicholls J. 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SMRM 7th Annual Meeting San Francisco 1988 \u201d p.762."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","unstructured":"H. B. W.Larsson P.Christiansen C.Thomsen M.Stubgaard J.Frederiksen O.Henriksen In vivo measurement of water self diffusion in patients with chronic multiple sclerosis in \u201cProc. SMRM 9th Annual Meeting New York 1990 \u201d p.150."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","unstructured":"A.Forti G. M.Bydder J. V.Hajnal I. R.Young Use of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis in \u201cProc SMRM 10th Annual Meeting San Francisco 1991 \u201d p.86."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","unstructured":"F.Segawa K.Kamada Y.Mizoi N.Sunohara K.Shimizu Y.Hashimoto Diffusion coefficient and blood brain barrier damage in multiple sclerosis in \u201cProc. 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